
Faculty::Wurlig Bao 
Wurlig Bao (Borchigud)
wb1@axe.humboldt.edu
(707)826-3826
(click here for Professor Bao's teaching philosophy)
Education
Ph.D. (Aug. 1994) Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Dissertation: When Is a Mongol? The Process of Learning in Inner Mongolia.
M.A. (Dec. 1988) Anthropology, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA.
M.A. (May 1986) Alaska & Pacific Rim Cultures, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK.
B.A. (Jan. 1980) English as a Foreign Language, Shanghai Institute of Foreign Languages, Shanghai, China.
A.A. (Aug. 1974) Political Science, The Central University of Nationalities, Beijing, China.
Professional Work Experience
- 8/99 - Present Assistant Professor and Chair, Department of Ethnic Studies, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.
- 6/99 - 8/99 HOP advisor for the Department of Ethnic Studies, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.
- 8/96 - 6/99 Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.
- 1/96 - 6/96 Instructor of Anthropology, Tacoma Community College, Tacoma, WA.
- 8/94 - 8/95 Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Program for Cultural Studies, East-West Center, Honolulu, HI.
- Sum. 1992 Research Assistant, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
- Winter 1992, Winter 1991, Fall 1990 Teaching Assistant of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
- Spring 1991 Graduate Staff Assistant, American Indian Studies Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
- 6/87 - 8/90 Graduate Staff Assistant, American Indian Studies Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
- 9/85 - 5/86 Instructor of Chinese Language, Anchorage Community College, Anchorage, AK.
- 6/85 - 8/85 Graduate Staff Assistant, President Office, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK.
- 9/84 - 5/85 Research Assistant, Communication and Art Dept., Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK.
- 3/80 - 8/84 Chief Administrative Assistant, Foreign Affairs Office, Central University of Nationalities, Beijing, China.
- 9/74 - 1/77 Chief Advisor for Undergraduate Students, Preparatory Department, Central University of Nationalities, Beijing, China.
Publications
- 1997 "Mongols and IMAR." In Minorities in China. A project for the World Bank.
- 1996 "Transgressing Ethnic and National Boundaries: Contemporary 'Inner Mongolian' Identities in China." (under my tribal name: Wurlig Borchigud) In Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan, edited by Melissa Brown. Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, pp.160-182.
- 1995 "The Impact of Urban Ethnic Education on Modern Mongolian Ethnicity, 1949-1966." (under my tribal name: Wurlig Borchigud). In Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers, edited by Stevan Harrell. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp.278-300.
Presentations and Research Papers
- 1999 "Indigenous and Local Manufacture of Modernity through Representation of Tradition in the PRC." A paper presented at the AAA 98th Annual Meeting, Chicago, November 17.
- 1997 "The Discourse of the "Other" in the Formation of Anthropological Canon." A paper presented at the AES conference, Seattle, March 8.
- 1996 "Mongolian Revision and Reclamation of Modernity." A paper presented at the AAA 95th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, November 24.
- 1995a "Hybrid Experiences: Learning Ethnicity among Educated Mongols in the People's Republic of China." A paper presented at the Conference on Ethnicity and Multiethnicity, Brigham Young University-Hawaii, Laie, May 12.
- 1995b "Beyond the Label, Behind the Image: When Is a Mongol?" A lecture presented for the International Programs, Kennesaw State College, Georgia, April 3; and for the Department ofAnthropology, Emory University, Georgia, April 4.
- 1995c "Land Rights and Economic Development in Minority Autonomous Regions, PRC." A presentation for the Conference on Challenges to Growth in Asia, Atlanta, Georgia, March 29.
- 1995d "When Is a Mongol? Politics of Learning in Inner Mongolia." A presentation for the Program for Cultural Studies, East-West Center, Honolulu, March 7.
- 1995e "Ewenki Reindeer Herders in Northeast China: a Living Exhibition or a Story of Suffering?" A presentation for the Education and Training Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, January 30.
- 1994 "Minority Education in China." (with co-author: Jianping Shen) A paper presented at the Comparative and International Education Society conference, San Diego, California, March 22.
- 1993 "Folk Perspectives of Urbanization in Inner Mongolia." A paper presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of Association of Third World Studies, Inc., Tacoma, Washington, October 7.
- 1990 "Ethnicity and Choice of Marriage among Modern Urban Mongolian Youth." A paper presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of Central Asia Studies, Berkeley, California.
- 1988 An Ethnography of Individual Ethnic Identity: How and Why Did I Choose My Ethnic Identity as a Mongolian? Unpublished M.A. thesis, Anthropology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
- 1986 A Comparative Study of Bilingual/Bicultural Education Between China and Alaska. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Master of Liberal Arts Program, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK.
Research and Other Related Experience
- Jul-Aug. 1997 Fieldwork on cultural commodification in Beijing and Inner Mongolia, China.
- Jun-Nov.1991 Dissertation fieldwork on ethnic education in Inner Mongolia, China.
- July 1991 An anthropological advisor, conducting ethnographic research on contemporary forest Ewenk (Yakut Ewenk) and pastoral Ewenk (Solun Ewenk) for a German film director and producer (Ms. Ulrike Ottinger) in Hulunbur League, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Aug. 1986 Fieldwork on Inupiat Eskimos in Kotzebue and the village of Noatak, Alaska.
- May 1984 Fieldwork among Yao (Mien) villages in Guangxi and Guangdong as an interpreter for the U.S. Yiu-Mien delegation, China.
- 12/74-2/75 Research in Xishuang Banna Dai (Thai) Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China.
Research Interests
Ethnicity/race, regionalism, nationalism and transnationalism in the U.S. and Asia.
Globalization, urbanization and cultural commodification in the U.S. and China.
Globalization and postmodernist socialist ideologies in China, Russia and Mongolia.
Cultural diversity and commonality in local and global perspectives.
Asian American identity politics in the U.S.
Asian Hmong Communities in the Humboldt County, CA.
Chinese diaspora in the U.S. and Pacific Rim.
Multiculturalism and the U.S. education system.
Courses Taught in Colleges
Introduction to Anthropology (four-field perspectives, at TCC)
Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (at TCC and HSU)
Introduction to Cultural Minorities in the U.S. (at HSU)
Asian American Identity Politics: Collaboration and Resistance (at HSU)
Chinese and Japanese Americans (at HSU)
Critical Thinking in Research (at HSU)
Culture Contact (at HSU)
Culture of China (at HSU)
Ethnicity and Race in Global Perspectives (at HSU)
Ethnicity and Race beyond U.S. Borders (at HSU)
Ethnic Women in America (at HSU)
Chinese Language (basic and intermediate levels at ACC and HSU)
Teaching Interests
Asian American History
Asian American Studies
Asian American in the New Age: Globalization, Transnationalism & Cultural Hybridity
Asian American Women in the U.S.
Chinese and Japanese Americans
Chinese Diaspora in Transnational World
Chinese Language and Cultural Perspectives
Critical Thinking in Cross-cultural Understandings
Cross-cultural Learning and Self-empowerment
Comparative Racial & Ethnic Relations in the U.S.
Comparative Studies of American Indian Education and Chinese Minority Education
Comparative Studies of Ethnic Minorities in the U.S. and Asia
Comparative Fieldwork Studies in Asian Diaspora Communities
Ethnicity & Race in Cross-cultural Perspectives
Ethnic Women in America
Fieldwork Studies in Ethnic Communities
Migration & Mosaics
Research Methods in Cross-cultural Settings
Theories and Methods in Ethnic Studies
Language
English: fluent reading, writing and speaking.
Mandarin Chinese: fluent reading, writing and speaking.
Mongolian: basic competence in speaking.
Professional Memberships
American Anthropological Association.
The Association for Asian Studies.
Chinese Historians in the United States.
The Mongolia Society (in the U.S.).
Humboldt Asian Culture Society.
Grants, Fellowships and Awards
1996 (Fall) HSU Foundation Small Grant Awards (for a paper presentation at the American Anthropological Association Annual Conference).
1994-1995 Post-doctoral Fellowship, Program for Cultural Studies, East-West Center.
1992-1993 Graduate Student Research Travel Grant, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington.
1992 (Fall) Dissertation Fellowship, The Graduate School, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington.
1991 (Fall)Fritz Fellowship, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington.
1987 (Winter) An award for the outstanding service as an interpreter in Yao Unified Script Conference in 1984, U.S. Yiu-Mien Association of Oregon, Inc.
1986-1987 Olson Fellowship, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington.
1984-1986 International Student Scholarship, Alaska Pacific University.
A Statement of My Teaching Philosophy--Wurlig Bao
My teaching philosophy is to instill and inspire in my students an appreciation and fascination for other cultures as well as their own, thereby encouraging an openness to explore self and other. I believe that education should be dialectical and dialogical. In my opinion, students should build upon their past understanding, and move to new positions through interaction with others, readings, lectures, films/slides, and research. Knowledge is deeply embedded in the practices of everyday life. I seek, in all my teaching, to involve students in study that will encourage them to apply their new insights to their own experience.
In my academic career the issue of education has been always my focal point in connection to other social issues in the systems of power. My own educational experience and training in both China and the U.S. provide me with an insightful analytical tool. One of the main problems in general education system is the issue of ìhidden curriculum.
In order to change the current education system, we have to recognize how monolithic and monological pedagogy legitimizes the natural rights of the dominant culture in the school knowledge. We also need to become aware of how this teaching process prevents the students growing up within the dominant culture from learning about other cultures with different frames of reference. At the same time, it symbolically violates the minds of students from marginalized groups by erasing their cultural perspectives in the system. As a result, the importance of cultural diversity is hidden from students in the dominant group as well as it is hidden to the minority students who find no expressions of their own cultural perspectives. This process of training is especially harmful to students who have experienced social oppression. Without a proper guidance to help these students to understand the causes of their oppressive experience, a self-limiting view of victimization could easily take root in these already violated minds. In this situation, the victims either withdraw from the self-improving process in the system or violently resist their identified victimizers; they, in turn, can later transform themselves into victimizers. This inner-cycle of victimization at the individual level must be recognized and dealt with seriously by all educators.
Although the US education system has been promoting the idea of diversity or multiculturalism for decades, its frame of reference on diversity is monolithic and monological in nature. This tokenistic diversity euphemizes cultural differences by marginalizing ethnic minorities as "others." Institutional programs for human diversity studies often become a politically-correct cultural showcase to avoid meaningful interactions and social changes among diverse cultural groups and individuals. In order to change this tokenistic image of diversity in today's American education system, a new vision of human diversity is important. In my view, Ethnic Studies should provide a sociocultural space to not only reveal silenced and marginalized voices from different frames of cultural reference but also recognize how they interconnect and interplay with the dominant voice in the power hierarchies in local and global contexts. Ethnic Studies should set up a new model for critical thinking and social change. In the process of training, creating a student-centered and inclusive learning environment is crucial for us to understand how the issue of human diversity and commonality is important to our own living experience. The inclusive learning process encourages us to see the interconnection between diverse human experiences and not reduce a given person's or group's life to a single factor.It helps us better understand the intersections of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and religion in the experiences of all groups, including those with privilege and power. In awareness of human interconnection in diversity and commonality, we then can carry out meaningful interactions for change and social justice in the 21st century.
