AT Projects
CCAT has a wealth of appropriate technology topics avaiable on this web site, categorized as shown on the right.
If your question is not answered here, check the HSU Library's
online appropriate technology catalogue .
Appropriate Technology Project Topics:
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Recently Added Projects:
Natural Building Test Wall
A student from ENGR 305 is building an educational natural test wall that will then be used as an information kiosk for students and the community to benefit from. The wall will also serve CCAT as a weather test wall for future natural wall construction projects such as tool sheds and benches. Further information of the project is available in http://www.appropedia.org/CCAT_Natural_Wall_Construction
Natural Building Test Plaster
When the natural building test wall is completed, another student from ENGR 305 will to compare and test different natural plasters by applying them to the wall. Materials considered for plasters are clay, gypsum and lime.
Cold Box
A cold box for CCAT's kitchen is being designed and built. Researches on the construction methods, materials, and budget have been carried out. Currently materials are being collected and complied for producing an insulated, functioning cold box. Emphasis on aesthetics and design are considered. This is part of ENGR 305 class.
Remediation Zone
Two students from ENGR 305 are focusing on CCATs North-Eastern Slope. Various alternatives of planting and slope retaining/supports are being studied along with selection of different bushes, flowers, and shrubs. A properly designed wall will be built along with beautification and further strength by plants and flowers.
Appropriate Technology Kids Zone
A project have been chosen by two students of ENGR 305 to create a "kid zone" at CCAT with a demonstration where kids can see how appropriate technology works. This display will be hands-on where a child can use their own power to operate an electronic device. The importance of this project is to plant the seed in a child's mind of understanding how human power is simple, yet can be utilized in so many ways. The hands-on display will be durable and able to withstand regular abuse from kids. For more information please visit http://www.appropedia.org/CCAT_kid_zone.
Clothes Drying System
A bamboo framed clothes drying system is being designed and built to develop an efficient and effective process and/or method for CCAT to dry its clothing. This project will address the challenges of the rainy and damp climate of Humboldt County in an environmentally friendly way. As a part of ENGR 305 the project will be completed by May end 2009.
Bamboo Project
Some of the bamboo in CCAT’s garden is being used to build a room divider. The divider will be 6 feet tall and a little over 6 feet across. The screen part would be silk or paper with some poetry about bamboo in traditional Filipino script. We also expect that space on paper/silk screens could be printed with signage and information regarding the different methods of harvesting, propagating, and transplanting the bamboo found at CCAT. This project is also undertaken by an ENGR 305 student.
Grey Water Marsh
A student from ENGR 305 is working to provide CCAT with a fully functioning low-maintenance grey water treatment and irrigation system. The area around the marsh will be terraced and landscaped with native or naturalized non-invasive vegetation. Signage will be placed at key locations describing the various actions and functions being performed by the system. The marsh is located in the front yard of CCAT and is obvious from the street and 14th street parking lot.
Rain Water Catchment System
A student from ENGR 305 is working on the design and implementation of a rain water catchment system connected to CCAT’s roof. The tank is proposed to be located on the north side of CCAT building and provide water for CCAT gardens and future green house in front of CCAT building.
Take Bake the Tap HSU!
Some of the students in ENVS 410 are working on a project to reduce the number of single-use plastic water bottles on the HSU campus and encourage local tap water consumption.
Short term goals of the project are to educate students on the campus about the problem and set a foundation for a long term campaign for reduction. They want to encourage the use of reusable water bottles; this will help our campus to be more sustainable. This is expected to be encouraged by the use of local tap water and drinking fountains on campus. The long term goals are to apply for a grant, which would go to further educations and retrofitting water fountains with filters.
At this stage, CCAT is funding the awareness and educational campaign.
Seed saving project
Based on the personal initiative of a student from PSCI 464 a seed saving project is under process.
Though CCAT maintains over 96 herbs on site and frequently practices organic vegetable gardening as well, there is currently no consistent methodology for seed saving, and the infrastructure necessary to maintain different types of seeds is not well developed. The project is aimed to assist CCAT in further serving as an educational clearing house for the community by researching different seed saving methodologies, developing a handout or guideline for how to save seeds in Humboldt County (including certain varieties of plants that do well here and where seeds for these plants can be found), and developing the basic infrastructure necessary to preserve and store seeds.
In line with CCAT’s principles, as many materials as possible will be locally sourced and salvaged or recycled. This will help to ensure that the project not only costs as little as possible, but also exemplifies CCAT’s founding mission as much as possible.
Deliverables:
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A pamphlet describing recommended seed saving techniques in Humboldt County that can be handed out to the public.
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A small guidebook situating the issue and summarizing the results of my research.
Basic seed saving and storing infrastructure, such as racks, jars, and pegs for hanging.
Last Year's Projects:
Archive:
Click a topic heading for more information.
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Alternative Building
Alternative Building
Many regions of the world (including many parts of the U.S.) do not have enough wood to build wood-frame houses,
so forest resources in other regions are depleted. While wood-frame houses predominate in the U.S., many other
building materials are in use around the world. Houses can be made out of locally available building materials
such as cob, adobe, bamboo, straw bales, rammed earth, formed cement, and mixtures of these materials with waste
debris (i.e. tires, cans, or bottles). Additionally, inexpensive shelters can be made with poles and canvas, hides,
or wool (i.e. Yurt or Teepee). In many places where wood is available, there is an under-utilized supply of
small diameter timber (harvested in forest thinning operations). This timber can be used to make pole or log
cabin style houses. Thatch, bamboo, tin roofing, sprayed cement, and living roofs can be used as alternatives
to plywood/asphalt roofing.
Additional Topics
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Ecological design: If Ecological Design Were Widely Adopted
[PDF 12.1KB]
HSU Student Article by Joanna (February 2002)
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Adobe
Adobe
Adobe houses, commonly found in the Southwestern U.S. and Northern Mexico, are best suited to
arid climates. Adobe is similar to cob, but the materials are formed into bricks before building.
The bricks are mortared together into structural walls. Although not necessary, an asphalt emulsion
is commonly added to help waterproof the adobe bricks. A mixture of cement and lime may also be added
for waterproofing, but these materials will add to the cost. In parts of Latin America, fermented
cactus juice is used for waterproofing.
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Bamboo
Bamboo
Hundreds of millions of people live in houses made from bamboo. It provides pillars, walls, window
frames, rafters, room separators, floors, ceilings and roofs. If proper joining and geometry are used,
a bamboo structure is stronger that one made of steel and cement. Bamboo's flexibility makes it
resistant to damage from earthquakes and high winds. A single bamboo clump can reach structural size
(up to 30 cm in diameter) in only four years and can produce up to 15 kilometers of usable pole in
its lifetime.
Bamboo Construction at CCAT
By John Halley (Fall 2001)
See also:
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Cob
Cob
Cob is a mixture of clay-rich soil, river or masonry sand, and a natural fibrous material
(usually straw). When these materials are thoroughly mixed to the right proportions, the cob can be
heaped and shaped into structural walls. Many modern cob homes have benches or shelves sculpted into
the walls. Cob was a common building material in Western Europe, and there are 1000 year-old cob
structures that are still standing. Because cob deteriorates in water, the building site must have
adequate drainage and the roof should have wide overhangs. Often the walls are coated with a "paint"
of lime (Calcium Carbonate).
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Strawbale
Strawbale
Strawbale houses are easier and cheaper to build than other homes. The ultra-insulating bales keep
the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. They are far more resistant to fire and pests
than wood-framed houses. To build a strawbale house, a wooden post and beam framework is erected. The
walls are then formed with tightly bound bales of straw, pinned together with rebar. Finished walls
are covered with stucco on the outside and plaster on the inside. With a good roof and a foundation
that will never wick up water from the ground, strawbale houses will last indefinitely.
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Rammed Earth
Rammed Earth
Rammed earth is a technique in which structural walls of a house are built by compacting a
soil-cement mixture within plywood forms. The forms are then removed, leaving solid earth walls 18
to 24 inches thick. The earth used for the walls is usually a screened, engineered soil. The soil on
the site can be used if it has a proper sand/clay ratio. The earth is mixed with about 8% water and
3% cement. This mixture is placed in the forms in 8" thick layers that are compacted into 5" thick
layers. Because of the cement in the mixture, rammed earth structures are waterproof.
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Sprayed Concrete and Papercrete
Sprayed Concrete and Papercrete
Though most commonly used as a finishing or repair material for existing structures, some builders
are beginning to use sprayed concrete to create structural walls around a rebar frame. Papercrete is
a building material made primarily of shredded paper that is bonded by cement and formed into walls.
Both of these techniques are very inexpensive and can be formed into any desired shape.
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Earthships
Earthships
The main walls of an earthship are built from old automobile tires laid out like gigantic bricks,
and filled with rammed earth. These create very strong load-bearing walls. Interior walls are built
using tin cans and cement. The walls can then be naturally finished with mud, plaster, or stucco.
The "can-wall" structure can be molded and incorporated into just about any form for the interior
structure and detailing. Almost any type of rubbish can be mixed into the walls of the house,
minimizing the quantity of earth or cement needed.
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Yurts
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Bio-diesel
Bio-diesel
Bio-diesel is a renewable fuel made by reacting hot vegetable oil (used or new) with an alcohol and lye,
the only by-product being glycerin. The glycerin created in the biodiesel reaction can be used for soap,
industrial lubricants, or can be composted. Biodiesel can be used in any diesel engine without
modifications. Cars and trucks that run off of bio-diesel have the same gas mileage, same amount of
power, and cleaner engines. In older cars, biodiesel can clog fuel filters as it removes crud from your
tank.
Bio-diesel is biodegradable, non-toxic, and produces far less emissions than fossil fuels. The exhaust
from bio-diesel is free of lead, sulfur dioxide, and halogens, containing reduced amounts of carbon
monoxide and other carcinogenic compounds. Bio-diesel does not contribute to global warming because the
CO2 that is released when it is burned was removed from the atmosphere when the fuel-producing plants
were grown. When petroleum diesel is burned, CO2 is released that has not been in the atmosphere for
millions of years, creating an over abundance of this greenhouse gas.
Most of the biodiesel available on the market today is made from virgin vegetable oil, which could be
used for food. Using a valuable food resource for fuel exacerbates one problem to fix another. For this
reason, we feel that biodiesel has limited potential in meeting our nation's fuel demands. To the extent
that used vegetable oil is available, biodiesel provides a valuable energy alternative to petroleum fuels.
At CCAT we have a bio-diesel demonstration site where we turn used vegetable oil from local restaurants
into a clean-burning, renewable fuel.
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Reasons for Choosing Bio-diesel
By Sean Armstrong, Edmund Koontz, and Celeste Peltier (Fall 2001)
With special thanks to Andy Cooper and Panama Bartholomy.
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The Process of Making Bio-diesel
By Sean Armstrong, Edmund Koontz and Celeste Peltier (Fall 2001)
with special thanks to Andy Cooper and Panama Bartholomy.
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Making Bio-diesel [
PDF 22.8KB]
By Celeste Peltier (Spring 2001)
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Energy Conservation
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Non-toxic Household
Non-toxic Household
Toxic chemicals are dangerous to human health and the environment. Ironically, some of the most common
products used in everyday cleaning contain toxic chemicals. According to Debra Lynn Dadd, author of the
book Nontoxic, Natural, & Earthwise, "every year 5 to 10 million household poisonings are reported as
the result of accidental exposure to toxic products in the home." Health-related problems caused by
synthetic and toxic products range from mild nausea to death.
In the environment, contamination of drinking water and animal species loss are the result of toxic
chemicals disposed into public water systems. There is no good reason to use harmful chemicals
when alternatives are so easily made and readily available. These products have proven just as effective
as common commercial products, yet are safe for you and the environment. Many household cleaners,
including all-purpose cleaner, glass cleaner, floor cleaner, and bathroom cleaner can be made at home
using ingredients such as baking soda, Borax, vinegar, and liquid soap. Besides these, there are
non-toxic alternatives for laundry detergent, paint, paint remover, varnish, furniture or floor polish,
drain cleaners, shampoo, and others that can be homemade or purchased.
Cleaners
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Pedal Power
Pedal Power
Today, with the heavy use of automobiles combined with the burning of fossil fuels, increasing problems
are affecting human health and climate change as a result of air pollution. Pedal power energy has been
in use since the nineteenth century. Aside from transportation, pedal-power energy can be applied to
a tremendous variety of jobs that contribute to less pollution and conserve energy in the home. Pedal
power uses the most powerful muscles in the body: the quads, hamstrings, and calves, converting
ninety-five percent of exertion into energy.
Many tools and appliances can be run directly with mechanical energy. With an old exercise bike, a
generator, and a fan belt, human energy can be converted into Direct Current (DC) electricity. Some
examples of tools that can be operated by pedal power are the table saw, band saw, meat grinder, wood
carver, water pump, thresher and winnower, stone polisher, lathes, and pottery wheels. Appliances such
as a juicer, grain mill, butter churn, and washing machine can also be used with pedal power. Here at
CCAT, pedal power is used to run a blender, coffee grinder, TV/VCR, drill press, grinding wheel, and
a multi-bicycle generator. You can exercise, save energy, and make a smoothie all at the same time!
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How To Do It Yourself By Joseph Russavage
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Pedal Powered Innovations By Bart Orlando
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Pedal Power: Spinning for the Future Project by Bart Orlando, written by Ben Erickson
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Computer
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Human-Powered Energy Generator
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Kitchen
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Television
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Washing Machine
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Setting Up a Pedal-Powered Washing Machine Project by Bart Orlando,
written by Amy Preuit, CCAT Staff Website
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Pedal-Powered Washing Machine Schematic [PDF 412.1KB]
By Mathew Rhode (Fall 2000) HSU Student Drawing
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Pedal-Powered Washing Machine Project
Pedal-Powered Washing Machine Project
Operating the pedal powered washing machine is the perfect way to get a workout and
be productive at the same time. This pedal powered washing machine has been built using
an exercise bike and an antique Maytag wringer and washer. As can be seen in the Pedal
Power Washing Machine Diagram, and read about in a longer description, the bike uses a
chain driven flywheel that has a belt attaching the flywheel to a pulley and another
belt attaching the pulley to the drive shaft. The drive shaft is where the motor originally
was attached to, but is now spun by pedal power. A person can wash their clothes and with
a flick of a switch, hook up the wringer to dry them, all from the seated position of
the exercise bike.
by Bart Orlando, written by Ben Erickson HSU Student Article
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Workshop
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Renewable Energy
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Grid Intertie
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Solar Electricity
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Micro-hydro Energy, Solar/Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Digester Gas, Geothermal Energy, Biomass, Biofuel
Micro-hydro Energy, Solar/Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Digester Gas, Geothermal Energy, Biomass, Biofuel
Currently, most of our energy demands are met by non-renewable and polluting sources. Fossil fuels are
running out and can’t be replaced for millions of years. They also create air pollution and greenhouse
gasses. Nuclear energy creates radioactive waste that cannot be safely disposed of and persists for
countless generations. Hydroelectricity from dams impairs fisheries and disturbs natural ecosystems.
Renewable energy is energy obtained from a source that is infinite, or able to be easily replenished by
natural means. Renewable energy is sometimes referred to as "clean energy" because it creates far
less pollution than conventional sources. Renewable energy includes solar electricity, wind power,
micro-hydro energy, solar/hydrogen fuel cell technologies, and digester gas. Geothermal energy,
biomass co-generation and bio-fuels are sometimes considered renewable as well. CCAT demonstrates
a utility-intertied solar electric system that feeds excess energy to the grid and decreases our
dependence on fossil fuels.
Micro-hydro Energy
Flowing water spins turbines, which create electricity via an electric motor. Unlike dams, micro-hydro
turbines don't block the natural flow of waterways because they are much smaller. Micro-hydro turbines can
work in small streams as long as there is sufficient water that flows fairly rapidly. Systems range in
size from 200 watts to 10 kilowatts.
Solar/Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Solar electricity can be used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gasses. Hydrogen can be passed
through a fuel cell, which generates electricity as the hydrogen recombines into water. Fuel cell
technology can eliminate the need for battery storage of electricity by storing hydrogen instead. Hydrogen
fuel cells can be used to run electric cars or home systems. They are a renewable technology only when
the hydrogen is derived from a renewable electricity source. Currently, fuel cell technologies are
cost prohibitive.
Digester Gas
This is a natural gas (methane) that is most commonly obtained from animal or human manures, which
are decomposed in a sealed container without oxygen. It is usually used for heating or cooking, but is
likely to give off a foul odor during use. The by-product from methane production is compostable
organic matter.
Geothermal Energy
There are two types of geothermal energy: passive and active.
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Passive geothermal [energy] uses the ambient ground temperatures 100-200 feet below ground to moderate
the temperatures in the home. At this depth, the earth is a constant temperature of approximately
503⁄4F. In the winter, when air is cold, passive geothermal will warm the house. In the summer, it
will keep it cool.
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Active geothermal [energy] uses the high temperatures from deep earth vents to generate steam that
turns electricity-producing turbines. This type of geothermal may not be renewable because generating
steam could cool the vents, making them unusable.
Biomass
This is the burning of agricultural or mill wastes to heat water, which makes steam that turns an
electricity-producing turbine. While this is often considered a renewable energy source, it may not
be sustainable because it adds CO2 to the air and depletes soil of nutrients and organic matter.
Biofuel
This includes bio-diesel, ethanol, and methanol, which are all liquid fuels made from organic materials
that can fuel automobiles, or generate electricity.
Bio-diesel is diesel fuel made from waste vegetable oil. See the Bio-diesel section for more
detailed information.
Ethanol is an alcohol usually made from the fermentation of corn stalks. Methanol is an alcohol made from
the fermentation of wood. While these fuels provide energy without petroleum, producing them is an
energy inefficient process that adds CO2 to the air and depletes soil of nutrients and organic matter.
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CCAT's MEOW(Mobile Energy Operations Wagon)
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Solar Cooking
Solar Cooking
On any clear sunny day, the energy from the sun can be readily used to cook food, without any high
technology. There are many types of solar cookers, but the desired result is the same. The two main types
of cookers are the parabolic dish and the box oven. The parabolic cooker consists of an old satellite
dish lined with polished aluminum. At the focal point of the dish extends a platform on which to place a
pot of beans, popcorn, or any other food you would cook on a stovetop. Once the dish is positioned to
face directly toward the sun, the rays of light are concentrated onto the pot and it begins cooking instantly.
Cooking intensity varies with the size of the dish. For any food you would bake in the oven, the box cooker
is ideal. It is an insulated wooden box with a glass door at the top. The interior is coated with black
non-toxic paint, and the exterior should be attached to some sort of reflective surface (this is where
the creative part takes place). When the box oven is placed in line with the sun, the reflectors
concentrate the sun’s energy into the box while the black surface absorbs this energy and the insulated
box traps the heat inside. Both types of solar cookers are a great way to reduce natural gas and
electricity use while saving money on utility bills.
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Parabolic Solar Cookers [PDF 719.1KB]
HSU Student & CCAT Volunteer Website by Jennifer, Edited by Bart Orlando and Krystal
Rogers (March 2004)
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Cobb Parabolic Solar Cooking
HSU Student & CCAT Volunteer Website by Duncan McIntosh and Bart Orlando (May 2005)
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Solar Heating
Solar Heating
Water heating and space heating require huge amounts of energy. This is usually obtained from natural
gas, electricity, or wood, which are resource intensive and pollution causing. The sun's energy can
be harnessed for heating on any day that you can see your shadow. There are four main ways to use solar
energy for heating: passive water heating, active water heating, passive space heating, and active
space heating.
Passive Water Heating
The most effective method of passive water heating uses a plate collector, with a water tank 1 foot higher
than the collector (usually on a roof). A plate collector is a shallow rectangular box with copper
pipes running up and down inside of it. The top of the box is made of glass and the backing and pipes
are painted black. As the sun heats the water in the collector, the water expands and moves up into the
tank. This displaces cold water, which flows back into the plate collector. This system, known as a
thermal siphon, heats the water in the tank without the use of a pump. As water from the tap or from a
pressure tank is forced into the cold inlet of this water tank, hot water is forced out the top. A simpler
form of passive water heating is to keep a black barrel of water or a black hose in the sun. The problem
with the black tank method is that the water heats up very slowly. With the black hose method, your hot
water supply is limited to the volume of water in the hose.
Active Water Heating
This is the most commonly used type of solar water heating. It is similar to the plate collector
method described above, except that the water is pumped between the solar collectors and the storage tank.
This allows the tank to be in the house or basement, instead of on the roof. On a long sunny day, a solar
water system will probably heat the water as much as needed. On a short or cloudy day, however, a solar
water system will only pre-heat the water. Pre-heating saves a lot of energy, but to attain the desired
supply of hot water year-round, most solar water systems are backed up with an on-demand water heater.
On-demand water heaters heat the water as it is being used, and are much more efficient (and longer
lasting) than tank water heaters. In climates with near or below-freezing temperatures, a frost
protection system must be incorporated.
Passive Space Heating
This type of space heating is usually accomplished by attaching a greenhouse or sunroom to the sunny side
of your house. The air in the greenhouse heats up as the sun shines in, and that heated air rises into
your home through windows at the top of the wall. Commonly, the back wall of the greenhouse is made out of
rock or brick. This material acts as thermal mass; storing heat as it warms up in the daytime, and
releasing this heat at night.
Active Space Heating
The most common type of active solar space heating is radiant floor heating. This is actually a solar
water heating system, except that instead of storing the hot water in a tank, the water is pumped
through copper pipes that wind back and forth just beneath the floor of your house. The heat from the
water dissipates into the air from the copper pipes and rises through the floor. These systems only work
well in places with a low proportion of cloudy days.
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Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable Agriculture
Mainstream agriculture is unsustainable. The average food item in the U.S. travels 1500 to 2100 miles from
farm to table. Between production and transportation, it takes around four calories to produce one calorie
of food in the current system of industrial agriculture. This phenomenon is possible only with the use of
cheap fossil fuels, which are quickly running out. The yearly use of millions of tons of agrochemicals
pollutes drinking water and causes cancer. With the rise of corporate agribusiness, farm communities
are disappearing along with the topsoil, and the quality of our food continues to decline. The
industrial approach to agriculture has only taken root in the last three or four generations, yet
its principles run counter to millennia of successful farming.
Sustainable agriculture addresses these problems by developing local markets, growing food without
agrochemicals, employing workers at living wages, working toward a closed cycle of imports and exports,
and by putting an emphasis on quality over quantity. Some of the fundamentals of sustainable agriculture
include the use of compost or manures for fertilizer; crop rotation to reduce pest problems; the growing
of cover crops to protect the soil and build organic matter; and the refusal of genetically modified organisms.
You can support sustainable agriculture by growing your own organic garden, purchasing local and/or
organic foods, buying produce only when in season, or by becoming a member of a Community Supported
Agriculture Farm.
Composting
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Tips for Making Homemade Compost [PDF 1.4MB]
HSU Student Handout
By Ralph T. Lampman
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Vermiculture: Composting with Worms (2003) [PDF 70.5KB]
HSU Student Handout
Herb Gardening
Mushroom Cultivation
Native Plants
Organic Gardening
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Gardening For the Earth [
PDF 3.8MB]
HSU Student Handout
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Waste Reduction
Waste Reduction
Part of living a sustainable lifestyle involves learning how to consume less, produce less waste, and
conserve resources as much as possible. There are a variety of ways in which we can accomplish this in
our everyday lives. One third of household waste is organic material, which can be composted in your
own backyard to reduce the rapidly growing landfills and to provide beautiful soil for your garden. If
everyone in the United States used one less disposable cup per day, we would keep over a hundred million
pounds of trash out of the landfills each year.
At CCAT, we reduce the amount of waste we produce by composting kitchen scraps, recycling materials,
re-using water, and composting human waste. We are also conscious of the amount of resources we use and
try not to let things go to waste. Some of the ways we do this include reusing plastic bags, printing on
the backside of once-used paper, reusing plastic containers, purchasing products with less packaging,
buying food and cleaning supplies in bulk, using cloth towels instead of paper towels, and using mugs
instead of disposable paper cups. In these ways, CCAT serves as an example of how easy it can be to lessen
our impact on the environment.
Backyard Composting
Composting Toilet
Vermiculture
Recycling
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Water Conservation
Water Conservation
Arcata Marsh
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Biological Oxygen Demand at the Arcata Marsh (2004) [PDF 223.5KB]
HSU Student Handout
Composting Toilets
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CCAT's Composting Toilet [PDF 134.6KB]
HSU Student Handout
Grey Water Systems
Rainwater Catchment Systems
