The Lie of the Land: First Impressions


Oxford 1998 Program Participants Talk About The Lie of the Land

John Gilgun
Melanie
Kelly
Jenny
Scott
Christina
Tana
Erin
Shana
Sandy
Kim
Chris
Tracy

Back to Haydn Middleton


by John Gilgun


I read 84 pages of The Lie of the Land last night. I like the use of multiple points of view. It seems to be a novel about spying and lying and silences. It seems to me to be a Foucauldian panoptican novel, with everyone involved in gazing upon everyone else. Once I decided this, it changed utterly and a terrible beauty was born. I'm referring to p. 69, "David's Story." It stops being about English reticence and English decorum and English silences and becomes something else. Just when the reader may be becoming tired of the gaps and silences, he gets what seems to be a new novel. And yet it is the same novel because the woman is going to give birth to David.

There are multiple mysteries in this novel (never referred to as mysteries) and that keeps one reading. In fact, I couldn't put it down.

And then there's a Blakean mythic level: two Englands, one inside another, like a Russian doll.

There's another thing this novel is about but I can't talk about it because it must never be named among men. It dare not speak its name. But Rachel at least thinks it on p. 52. But then she seems to reject the idea. And yet, my dears, all that dropping off at tea rooms, which are never called tea rooms but quite clearly are, don't you know.

And then the novel is about... And then it's about... And then...



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by Melanie

I finished Lie of the Land almost two weeks ago, so I have had quite a bit of time to reflect on what I read. If the questions of what I did and did not like about this book had been posed to me after I first finished the book, I would have had nothing good to say. At all. I didn't like some of the subject matter, like "the bathroom" scene. I was truly shocked, and even sickened by that portion of the book. I also got really tired of the question of whether the two men were gay or not. Now that I have had time to really think about the book and reflect on what I read, I still don't like those portions, but I actually liked the book. I read the thing in maybe three sittings. The characters were very interesting, and the plot was enthralling. I could not put the book down, and I was so interested to find out what in the world was going on. It wasn't really written as a mystery, but it had some of the characteristic that a mystery novel might have. The plot itself was great. This mysterious guy that is guilty about some unknown and scary reason - he is potentially dangerous, and people are putting themselves in danger to help him. I was horrified to find out what happened to make him commit the crime, and actually put the book down for a while. (I was substitute teaching, so it was a really weird situation, because I couldn't react at all, I just had to sit there and be calm, and as you all will find out, I am not always calm, and I like to react when I feel strongly about something!) I finally started to read again, and I managed to get back into it and become interested again.

I do like the book, even though there are those parts I don't agree with, but I would offer this book to someone else to read, with a warning of certain parts. Offering a book to another is a pretty high compliment in my book.



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By Kelly

First of all I had no idea what to expect from this book. I had never heard of this author or had any clue as to what the book was about. Just as Melanie said, I too read the book in about three sittings over two days. I couldn't put it down. I found myself frustrated because I couldn't read the last 40 pages or so fast enough to find out how it ended.

I personally found Rachel's character extremely interesting where as others may not. I am a social work major and it seems to be Rachel's occupation as well It was interesting to see how she dealt with Quinn and David's visits and how she attempted to discover David's case history and how all of the other characters fit into his story.

I found myself constantly questioning David and Quinn's sexuality. At first I thought they were both gay and then it seemed that Quinn loved David but discovered that David was straight.

I also found myself trying to solve the "mystery" and somehow connect the characters in David's story to those in the present portions of the book. I liked the idea of providing the manuscript for us to read along with the characters as we all tried to make sense of David. I found the parts about the woman in the darkness (the angel of death??) and the islands very bizarre. It was also interesting how the act of sex always seemed to be the ending of relationships except in the ending it seems to be what saves David from his death.

I thought the symbolic use of David finding Quinn at the allotment where he had burried the body and seeing Quinn as his second chance to make his actions right was neat. In response to Melissa's reaction of the reason David killed this man ( the bathroom scene) I agree that it was disturbing. I would question you if you didn't find it disturbing! But unfortunately there are sick people out there and it's a part of life. It bothered me but I just kept reading. It is understandable why David would kill this man. I found myself angry with Rachel for not staying with David while he was downstairs listening to music near the end of the book. Didn't she realize that he would leave?! But at least she saved him in the end. I couldn't make myself like Matthew. His attitude was self centered and his reactions to Rachel were far than supportive.

I was glad that Art and David appear to have a chance for a relationship But I am still confusedas to what is real and what is not.

It was funny to see some of the different words that they use. For example: All in all I really enjoyed the book. It was very easy to read but a confusing plot to follow which makes it unique to most books around. I guess I talked quite a while now so I'll stop. I hope what I said made some sense to someone! I can't wait to find out what other people thought.



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by Jenny

I am the first to respond that has actually read the novel previously. Therefore, one would think that I should have a better understanding of the events surrounding the novel. However, after a rather brief reread I can honestly say that I am just as much in the dark about its significance as the rest of you.

First of all, I definitely see where the relationship between Quinn and Nennius is weird. I find it particularly strange that Quinn knows almost nothing about Nennius yet he obviously cares for him deeply. Now, I really don't see a homosexual connection as much as I see a lonely man trying to reach out for a companion, any companion. Quinn constantly seems to be making more of the relationship than it actually is, I think that he is a bit delusional.

Throughout the novel I searched for the meaning of the "angel of death" story but I found none, leaving me more confused than ever. The funny thing is that no matter how confusing it all got, I never put it down, either time. There is something very intriguing about this book, something so mysterious that it keeps the reader reading. I have also found that rereading has allowed me to catch a lot of things which I did not catch the first time through. The one thing that I want to know is the meaning of "I know you, I have found you, and I will not let you go." What does it mean? Maybe that's what makes the book so interesting, you never know which direction the story will take, or what any of it means...




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by Scott

I was left with mixed feelings concerning the book. I've been slowly reading it, a little each day, and enjoyed the way it kept the reader guessing and coming back. Even though it really wasn't a "mystery novel" it had similar feel.

I feel the characters were well written and not flat. There was depth to these people. I take the opposite stance of Melanie and have to say the allusions to homosexuality from Quinn, the strange feelings from David, added more realness to their souls. However, I was a little dissappointed with the climax of the book (the shed scene). The image of David with his arms extended like wings and razors for feathers was excellent, but the underlying message that sex was the answer to his problem was an easy way out. Of course, being touched by someone else would help open his mind and soul to love, but still...Breaking down his mental problems with conversations or other avenues would be a little more probable and helpful. I seriously doubt his problems are solved now.

The story within a story was excellent. The way David's story is contained in the book is creative and a nice break from the normal continuity. However, I don't see why Melissa acted the way she did. Did David care more for their son than she? Leaving David wasn't as believable as it is made out in the book. Of course, if she never left there would not have been a book.

Tana Responds to Scott

Scott,
I think that it is very believable that Melissa left David . . . not because she loved Art any less than he did . . . not even because she did not love David . . . she was afraid. A man who could kill another with his bare hands . . .and did so. Wouldn't you be a little afraid to live with someone like that . . . it would be torture, trying to please hime all the time . . . afraid to p. him off . . . just a thought . . .

~Tana~

Melanie Responds to Tana

I wanted to comment on what Tana responded to Scott. I don't know if anyone else had the impression that I got, but I felt like his wife didn't know why he killed the guy. It seemed that she saw what he had done, and never gave him an opportunity to explain why he had done it. Did I miss something, or did anyone else see this differently?

Mel

Scott Responds to Melanie

I wonder how she would have reacted if she had been the one that walked in on the evil act? True, she didn't seem to try and understand David or the situation. She seems to run away instead of dealing with problems. Of course, David tried to run away (kill himself) instead of dealing with his pesonal mental problems. But, he was saved by Rachel, whereas there was no "rachel" to save their marriage years ago.



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by Christina

Well...I have a different slant to the reading of this book. After we met for our orientation/first class, I transcribed an interview with MoWestern students and Haydn Middleton. I don't know about you guys/gals, but when I read something, anything, I'm somewhat swayed by what lies BEHIND the actual text. Hearing about Middleton's life skewed my perspective somewhat of the story--because, fiction is never really fiction, right? I mean, we can assume hidden meaning and contextual subtleties, hmm? Well, Middleton told our fellow Oxfordians about different difficulties he'd experienced as a writer including his relationship with his wife. So I was forever reading into Rachel relationship with her husband, Matthew. (p. 55, 58-59, 119-120, 174) But look closely at this particular argument between Rachel & Matthew on page 152:

What strikes me here as absolutely (fascinatingly) ironic is we see Matthew, a struggling young writer, who desperately needs the support (almost a validation) from his wife Rachel. And Rachel, while supportive, is very much wrapped up in a work of fiction that takes precedence over everything, including her husband. Does she need him--his validation? I'm not sure. But when Middleton was talking about his relationship with his wife, he mentioned (they are divorced now, and were at the time of the interview but NOT at the authorship of this particular book) the toll being an author takes on one's family. The family is expected (according to Middleton) to bow a submissive retreat while the god-like author is authoring his/her masterpiece. I was so frustrated when listening to Middleton's defense of his writer stance; but, I know I put people and pleasure on hold for my own pursuits, so go figure.

Well, enough of Middleton and his writer-husband stance. That probably wasn't very interesting anyway. But I was really interested in Rachel's response to Middleton's portrayal of Matthew's need for validation from his wife. I ALWAYS have to wonder when male authors write from a woman's perspective or vice versa. I could go off on that. I won't.

Back to topic, here--well, actually, I'm totally out of time. I read LOL a long time ago. And then again just recently. I still couldn't read past what Middleton proferred in the interview. I, like Tana, had fun with the "English" language and allusions. And I appreciated Scott's comment on the catch-all sex solution to all of our problems. Hmm, sex has never solved any of MY problems. Well, I have French homework and an apartment to clean out . . . so, I'll just have to save the rest of my connaissance a propre du livre de Middleton pour un autre jour! Merci!



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by Tana

We were asked to discuss our reactions to The Lie of the Land. I will first tell of my "gut responses" then how I reacted after some thought. As I began reading the book and noticed that the initial point of view was of a man discussing another man with a lot of detail on the physical description. I thought: "is this going to be a story about a homosexual relationship?" I don't think I was worried about reading about a gay relationship, I just was . . . well, not alarmed or shocked, just surprised. It wasn't that it mattered, it was just my initial reaction, again based on the way the two men related to one another (Quinn in the domestic role of caring for the house and meals, then feeling a need to follow David when he went out), and the descriptions given of the men: David is described as "forty years of age . . . loose limbed, easy in his movements"(7) who "had always reminded Quinn of an eagle"(6). Quinn is described as "twenty four . . . a small man. slight and swarthy, a sparrow hawk to [David] Ninnius's eagle" (7) This is going to be interesting, I thought, and hoped that it would give me an insight into what life might be like for my Uncle Kim and Stuart or of R&R, (friends who I don't know well enough to know much about their domestic life.)

The next thing I noticed was some of the phrasing and vocabulary that led me to believe that this book was not written in the states . . . I should have realized that before I read it, but I wasn't thinking . . . phrases like "Chinese take *away*" rather than "take out", "cinema" instead of "theater", "rings" for "phones" or "calls", "flat" instead of "apartment", "solicitor" for "lawyer" and on and on. There were even a few I didn't know the meaning of right off. I think one was "redundant" and another was "plaster" (which I at first took to mean that there was still some of the wall left on his face and later decided meant a bandage.) As I read, I thought I would like to make a study of these different word choices . . . however, I don't think that option is available to me . . .

My next reaction was a personal one: it was to the Good Samaritans. I do understand the context here, but the name of the hospital my mom worked at was Good Samaritan. They also referred to their place of work as "Sam" I found myself catching my breath whenever the reference caught me off guard. (Those of you who are curious and don't know what I am talking about in reference to my mom, ask me sometime, I don't mind talking about it.)

I liked how the story kept me interested by a number of devices . . . there was a sense of mystery . . . and the use of what can be called "forwards" (the planting of questions you want answered and have to keep attending to find out). I hate when a story reveals so much that I know all the outcomes within the first chapter . . . then I am stuck reading the rest . . . what a drag.

Another reaction I had was to the mythology involved. I am not at all familiar with the mythology connected with this story. I was able to be satisfied with the story without knowing what it was all about . . . it is something else I thought I might like to do more research on . . . but it too was already spoken for. I was really curious about the stories within this story.

Speaking of stories within stories . . . David's story . . . I am not sure how much of it was "truth" and how much of it was "fiction" . . . And then, what is the REAL story??? I enjoyed the story. I wish it provided more answers and fewer questions . . . you can't have everything though . . .

I was saddened and sickened when I read about Art's experience . . . sickened when I read about David's response . . . but not without understanding . . . when my mom was murdered (okay, I know I said I wasn't going to talk about this here, but now I am going to have to mention it) my husband, brother and step-father (even my step-sister and grandma, now that I think about it) could have easily killed the boy who shot her . . . my Gram talked about wringing his head off like you would a chicken--she grew up on a farm. It would have been wrong for them to do that . . . but they could have done it. When someone hurts, violates someone you love in that way, there is no rationality . . . there is only blind rage and the need to do SOMETHING. There is no fight or flight . . . only the unadulterated need to return the pain and make sure that it NEVER happens again. I am not saying that I approve . . . just that I understand perfectly the blind rage that led David to his actions. I don't approve that David's transgression was covered up (literally buried) because I think that is caused David more distress and I believe that nothing can remain hidden indefinately (actually, the author showed this, so I approve of the choice -- just not as a "real"-- outside the story-- one) All will be revealed . . . the truth . . . however bad it may be . . . is better to deal with than falsity. Falsity is too complicated, it shifts and changes and it is too much work remembering it and keeping it strait, let alone keeping it buried.

Maybe this is why I was glad when Rachel went home and faced the music with Matthew. I am not happy that he hit her . . . that was wrong . . . but understand how hurt and violated he felt . . . another man had been with his wife . . . but they are going to work it out . . . it will be a long time before the trust is built back, but she gave him the truth . . . and the truth . . . whatever it is . . .can be dealt with.

These are my initial reactions. I looked at the assignment list sometime after I read the book (which I did all in one day) and began thinking about some of the ideas suggested. One I thought about was the idea of making it into a movie . . . actually I had thought about some of the questions posed there as I read the book . . . and may want to choose this as my project assignment . . . but I also looked at the significance of the mythology . . . how does the two-island myth fit into the rest of the story . . . I have some ideas about that, and might like to develop them as well . . . and then the intertextualizations also interested me . . I haven't had the opportunity to do much of that am interested in learning it . . . so my long term reactions are not well developed yet . . . but they are well begun.



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by Erin

To address Lie of Land is difficult for me. This novel gave me mixed feelings. I loved the constant reminder of something as simple as a postcard from Blake's "The Dance of Albion" or "Glad Day". This imagery provided a sort of circular ending to several chapters in this novel. Despite my pleasure in brief storytelling episodes throughout the novel, I could not understand the intimate relationship between Rachel and Nennius. Their final "act" together brought Rachel down for me. I was disapointed in the character. Middleton's ability to shed light on problem relationships is quite visible. I could feel the tension between Rachel and Matthew. Somehow Middleton really explained why their relationship just wasn't working, therefore foreshadowing its future collapse. This novel intruiged me. I never got the sense that everything was okay, even at my closing of the cover. Maybe Middleton reminds us that life itself each day is a struggle to balance this and that. After reading this book I felt settled and yet altogether unsure of anything.





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by Shana

This book was really different. I have never heard of it before nor did I know who Haydn Middleton was, and it was my first time reading it. I liked it, but it was very confusing. I was surprised by the vivid sexual descriptions in the book because it was something I'm not used to. (I'm used to reading clean literature I guess) There are so many clues to whether these men are gay, bisexual, or straight, but I found myself trying to solve their sexualities. I Don't know why. One scene which I thought was sad was when David's mother Mary dies. She was so young!!! And by the way, was she raped or did she just have an unusual first time sexual encounter with that man waiting for her at her door? That was kind of scary.

To continue, I didn't think David's mother was raped until I got to the part where it said that David's mother was raped in the book. Hmmm, very confusing. This book has no shame it seems like. The bathroom scene which everyone else talked about was very disturbing I must say. Wow.

This may sound funny, but I tried to read the book with an English accent and it sounded funny. This dark and mysterious story turned out to be a farce thanks to my funny accent. But anyhow, this book has so much substance. I think it is full of emotion, life, and drama. The characters definitely have some sort of psychological issues going on (especially with sex) and it seems like their relationships are questionable. I don't understand why David is so paranoid about his wife, Melissa, if he loves her. Am I wrong about this? Well, everyone already seems to have expressed their opinions about the Lie of the Land and I agree with all of you. I don't know what more to say. Overall, it was a very interesting book and a very easy read. The short chapters helped the book to progress very fast.

Since my project is making a movie out of LOL, I think the book has great potential, especially in this day-in-age.



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by Sandy

The novel as a whole was pretty good. I found myself getting more and more interested in it as I read. I really liked the idea of a story within a story, as most of my favorite authors do that as well.

Let me start with what I...questioned, rather than disliked about the story. It is obvious that Quinn loved David, but it never seemed to me to be of a homosexual nature. It just wasn't powerful enough for my perspective. If anything, it was like a brotherly love more than anything else. Granted that he was upset that David pretty much didn't return that love in kind in his story, but even that didn't seem powerful enough to be a romance.

To put it in a different light, the novel states that Quinn cared for David, so much so that he followed him to make sure he was okay, and to try to find out what was eating him. But it's a given fact that David gave Quinn a place to stay, and so it seems that Quinn wanted to return the favor by protecting David from harm. And somewhere in the process, started to love him...as a close friend, or even as a brother. I'm not ruling out homosexuality, but Quinn's love just doesn't seem to go that deep.

On the other side of my response, I must say that my favorite part of the novel was David's story. The use of mythology was fascinating. The Island Lady was captivating, in the sense that I (understood?) David's obsession with her. And since his mother shared the same vision of this lady, it made her more real, rather than what Rachel and Quinn thought to be a dramatized suicide note.

What was really interesting was David's obsession with this lady of the island. To me, this lady was his version of Death, and he wanted to be with her, to hold her, to sleep with her. Very erotic in a sense, and I must say that it is a vision of Death that I can really admire. Manywriters focus on Death one way or another, but this, possessive, loving,

erotic version of Death is one that is not commonly seen. Similar visions can be found in the poetry of Emily Dickinson and Jim Morrison, but not on this great of a scale. I was very impressed with this Death, and Middleton deserves praise for his vision.

These are the two points that I feel really strongly about. The rest of the story was great, don't get me wrong, but this is what it left me with, the love of Quinn and the story of David.



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by Kim

In studying Middleton's The Lie of the Land, I feel that this novel, as with all novels, can be read on two levels. The first level, that of which I read for two years ago in the 1996 Summer Study in Oxford program, is that of relationships. As I read the novel, I focused on the plot of the story and on the way(s) in which the characters were related to this plot and to one another. I examined the plot of the novel itself and the plot of David's Story, and I examined the relationships that existed between David Nennius and Quinn, between David and Melissa, between Rachel and Matthew, between Rachel and David, etc.

The second level is the level for which I read this time. Already familiar with the plot of the story and the characters and their relationships, I read for a deeper meaning. Somehow, amid the would-be chaos of the surface of the text, a meaning, a moral to the story, must exist. And although my interpretation is certainly not the be-all and end-all of interpretations, it allows me to make sense of The Lie of the Land.

What does that mean? The Lie of the Land? Two years ago, and even when I started re-reading the novel this year, I thought that the title had something to do with the physical appearance or layout of the land. And now that I write this, maybe there is some truth to this. In this story, the land consisted of two islands, Britain and Albion. The first island was called Britain and was the land that the living but mortal humans, people like you and me, inhabited. The second island was called Albion and was the inner island, "the island of rocky shores, where all things had begun and all things would end," the island for the dead (p. 41).

As I began to read the novel this time, I thought nothing of the title until I noticed two interesting quotes about the truth, and therefore about lies. The first occurred when Quinn went to do electrical work with Nennius for a day and the two ended up at a girl's house to replace her doorbell. Quinn was recalling the fact that he had turned this girl awayfrom their own house at David's request when he realized that he "hadn't worried about lying; he saw the lies as part of a larger truth" (35). The second appeared later when Rachel returned home from her Wednesday night as a Samaritan after meeting David at the bar. In her conversation with Matthew, she said of his concern for her whereabouts "I told you a lie . . . because I didn't want you to worry" (58). After noting these passages about lies, I took note of others as well. By the end of the book, I found myself wondering what the lie of the land, the mother of all lies, was.

The conclusion that I came to was that the lie of the land was the lie that affected everyone - David, Quinn, Melissa, Art, Rachel, Matthew. The lie was the one that David Nennius was living concerning the fact that he had killed a man. Because David wouldn't/couldn't admit, to himself or to others, that he had killed someone, he was living a lie. Because of this lie, he could not allow himself to love or be loved. After he finally is able to release this horror, telling Rachel his story, he concludes with the statement "That's no lie" (263). From this point, he and the other characters in the novel are able to begin mending their broken relationships with one another.

Another aspect of the title The Lie of the Land concerns the myth of Albion. Although I have not researched this a great deal, we are told that according to the book that William read to Mary while she was in labor giving birth to David, "The island was a smiling woman, through whose lovely features a hideousness flickered" and that "The sky drew itself out into the shape of a man" (83). Mary describes the subsequent images in her mind as "the man upon the woman, sky upon island: their ceaseless, ever more frantic coupling, as they sought to beget the race of immortals that would inhabit the earth" (84). But the woman was barren, and when the man procreated with the living, "the woman of the island learned of these children fathered by the sky" (84). Could the woman, or land, have known that "her labors of creation had used her up" and lied to the man, or sky, in order to have sex with him and in order to claim these children for the island, for her own (84)? Could this literally be the lie of the land (woman)?

This also leads to the meaning of the curious phrase "I know you, I have found you, and I will not let you go" (85). As I read the novel for the second time, this statement seemed amazingly simple to understand. The woman, or land, has claimed the sons of the sky as her own and made "them perform, in the brightest light that sits forever upon the darkness, the dance of death," the dance of Albion (85). So the woman calls to the sons, "I know you," because she knows that they are offspring of the man/sky. She says "I have found you" because she has located them, and she "will not let [them] go" because they, of no choice of their own, will come to her at the end of their lives to dance and inhabit the island of Albion.

Finally, I also worked to determine the meaning of music and the role that it played throughout the novel. From the very beginning of the story, David and Matthew both seem to use music to escape the lies that they are living, David when he disappeared in the basement and Matthew when he retreated to his study (7, 27). Both men also resorted to writing, or typing, to be more precise, a story of some kind when they escaped. When listening to their music, these two characters seemed unreachable by those who cared about them, possibly a symbol for the lies that they were living. In addition to David and Matthew, an interesting statement was mady by Tana in her response regarding Rachel "facing the music" at the end of the novel when she returns to Matthew's flat to tell him not only the end, but the beginning and the middle of her encounter with David Nennius.

The Lie of the Land has provided its readers with an interesting and challenging journey, to decipher not only the plot and the characters and the relationships that they are involved in, but the greater meaning behind the plot and the characters as well. And I'm sure that as we have an opportunity to discuss The Lie of the Land with its author, Haydn Middleton, the journey has just begun!



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by Chris

There are two factors that made my reading of Lie of the Land a little different from that of others in the Oxford group. The main factor that made my reading slightly different was the fact that I had already read The Collapsing Castle. Though this is an entirely different story, I went into my reading of Lie of the Land somewhat experienced in Middleton's use of relationships in his story telling. Just as in Collapsing Castle, I found the relationships to be intense and at times very confusing. I found myself most drawn to the relationship between David and Quinn. Like many of the rest of you, I found myself questioning the sexuality of both men. Even at the end of this novel, I felt that there was a deeper level to their relationship that I did not understand.

Another factor that heavily influenced my reading of this book was that I had transcribed a portion of an interview with Middleton in which he speaks about this book. In the interview, it is stated that at least one reviewer had written that the story was set in a different place than Middleton intended. When questioned about this, Middleton stated that he didn't mind simply because he wanted the story to be universal-- he wanted people to place the story where they wanted. I remembered this as I read the story, feeling as it is was truly universal. I even pictured much of it taking place around St. Joseph! Middleton's statement about how the book could be applied in a universal manner forced me to see it from many different levels from the very beginning. In the end, I think this made for a better reading experience and a better overall understanding of the story.




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by Tracy

Lie of the Land was very interesting. For me, it was one of those novels that doesn't have a great impact until it is over. I was intrigued by the story, but it didn't sweep me away. However, once I got to the end and to Rachel's realization of her own beginning, middle and end, I realized how profound Middleton's story was; and how significant the "lie" was in the lives of the characters.

I see Nennius as someone who was very naive about his life and his existence. This comes through in what is ultimately the lie. It is that Nennius did not realize until it was too late that his life was within his control and not under the watch of some mysterious force. What Middleton is so brilliantly able to show in this work is that each person, as they live their lives, is involved in situations that are either within or without their control. The ultimate lie is believing that everything is outside of one's control. This is exactly what Nennius does. He creates a third person, the dark, mysterious woman, then makes her ultimately responsible for the events which occur in his life.

Throughout his life he puts his own consciousness at arm's length. He refuses to give himself to Melissa and his child, because of nothing more than a fantasy. Nennius' act of murder isn't even motivated by his own loathing of the man and the hideous act he committed against his son. He is motivated by the misconception that he is simply playing a part, that killing this man is the dark event the woman had brought him to. As the story moves on, it appears as if Nennius almost embraces this helplessness. It certainly keeps him from interacting in a real way with the people in his life.

However, no matter how hard Nennius tries to succumb or exclude himself from reality, he still finds himself entangled in a web of lives. Quinn becomes very attached to Nennius and by his own actions creates consequences to Nennius' life. Rachel is certainly the most influential. I would say that she had more impact on Nennius' life than the woman. She reached out to him in a very basic human way and very much effected the outcome of the situation; and at the same time, Nennius created a story for her, consequences in her life.

Ultimately, I don't know for sure if Nennius truly understood what he had given up by not realizing his own power, though I think everyone involved in the story of his life finally embraced a sense of control. Perhaps each of us do at some point understand that we own our actions and sometimes even the consequences. At the end of the day, the lie of the land becomes the lie we tell ourselves, which is that our lives are not our own.



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