Botany 359, Fall 1998 Name ______________________

I. USING CHART FORM ONLY (listing the features to be compared or contrasted on the left hand side) Compare (give all the similarities) and contrast (give all the differences) for the following pairs of features or taxa.

A. An ascocarp with a basidiocarp. (6 points)

B. the uredospore stage with the aeciospore stage in the rust Puccinia graminis.

C. A basidium that bears statismospores with one that bears ballistospores; include in your discussion a diagram of each of these basidia.

D. Endophytic fungi in plants with Endomycorrhizal fungi in plants.

II. List the characteristics that distinguish the Division Basidiomycota.

III. Discuss the importance of fungi to a forested ecosystem. Include in your discussion, the four different groups of fungi and the importance of these four groups.

IV. Supply the word that best fits the definition.

___________________________The ability of a parasitic fungus to complete its entire life cycle on a single host species.

___________________________A modified hymenium in which sterile structures enclose and protect deep-seated basidia that eventually mature and grow through the sterile structures.

___________________________A bridgelike hyphal connection characteristic of the secondary mycelium of many Basidiomycota.

___________________________Pertaining to a cell that contains a pair of closely associated, sexually compatible nuclei.

___________________________Used in a general way to describe fungi that live inside the leaves and/or stems of apparently healthy tissues.

___________________________Used by some workers to describe the long and usually tapered distal portion of a basidium that bears a sterima at its tip.

___________________________That portion of a basidiocarp that bears the hymenium

___________________________The layer of air that runs parallel to the ground; this layer is found just below the hymenium.

___________________________The glebal chamber of a bird's nest fungus

___________________________A permanent darkening of tissues following treatment with KOH, as in the Hymenochaetaceae of Aphyllophorales.

V. Collybia racemosa, a mushroom classified in the Tricholomataceae, possesses the following features:

a. a mating system that is heterothallic, bifactorial, and simple allelic; in addition fi, fb, and mod genes operate as well as those genes responsible for any part (function included) of the basidiocarp.

b. a primary mycelium that is monokaryotic.

c. the secondary mycelium and all parts of the tertiary mycelium are dikaryotic

d. a basidiocarp with monokaryotic, asexual spores produced from the cells of the stipe.

e. the basidium produces 4, heterotropically attached basidiospores, each of which is monokaryotic

Diagram the life cycle and label all parts.

aeciospore

aecium

alfatoxins;

amphigenous

arbuscular hyphae

arbutoid

Auriculariaceous basidium

Autoecious

basidia stichic.

basidiocarp

basidiome formation

basidiome initial

basidium

Bifactorial

blunt edged ridges or wrinkled

capillitium

Catahymenium

clamp connections

clamp fusion

clamp septation

compartmentalization

conjugate nuclear division

Dacrymytceous basidium

determinate basidiocarp growth

dichophyses

dichotomously branched cystidium

Dikaryon

Dimitic

doliopore septum (

Ectendomycorrhizae

Ectomycorrhizae

effuso-reflexed

Endomycorrhizae

Endophytes

Endophytic Fungi

epibasidium

epigeous

ericoid

gleba

hartig net

Heteroecious

Heterothallic

Heterotropic basidispore attachement

Holobasidium

homologs

homothallic

Hymenium

hymenium differentiation

hymenophore

Hymenophore differentiation

hypha

hyphal aggregation

hyphal growth

Hyphal growth

hyphal tuft

hypobasidium

Hypogeous

indeterminate basidiocarp growth

inferior hymenium

intercellular hyphae

intracellular hyphae

labyrinthiform hymenophore

Laminar Bond Layer

loci

mantle

meiosis

merulioid hymenophore

Mesic Hymenomycetes

metabasidium

Monomitic

movement of nuclei into foreign cytoplasm

Multiple allelic

Mutualism