Botany 105 First Lecture Midterm, Spring 1995 Name_________________________________

FILL IN QUESTIONS (40 points; 15 minutes)

1. ______________________ A complex tissue which contains cells which translocate water, cells which provide mechanical protection, and cells which function in carbohydrate storate.

2. ______________________ A cell type only produced during secondary growth and which functions in protection

3. ______________________ The cell type produced during primary growth of a root which is located on the surface, absorbs water, and usually does not have cutin.

4. ______________________ the primary meristem which produces cells which ultimately form the interfasicular vascular cambium.

5. ______________________ non-functional secondary xylem.

6. ______________________ A type of secondary meristem other than the vascular cambium.

7. ______________________ In a woody plant, the entire region outside the vascular cambium.

8. ______________________ a cell type which functions in support due to its thickened walls and is alive at maturity

9. ______________________ the cell type found in the innermost layer of the cortex in a root

10.______________________ Two cell types are produced only during secondary growth and are responsible for the lateral translocation of water and minerals; name one of the two cell types.

11______________________ the cell type which is found in clusters and which is dead at maturity, and which is found in the edible tissue of a pear

12______________________ Some roots have parenchyma cells in their center; these parenchyma cells are part of the stele. From which primary meristem are these cells differentiated?

13______________________ the most abundant cell type found in the secondary xylem of conifers

14______________________ the three functions of the pericycle; put answers in 14, 15, and 16

15______________________

16______________________

17______________________ the two cells which could dedifferentiate to produce periderm in a 75 year old woody tree

18______________________

19______________________ underground stems that grow horizontally and bear adventitious roots

20______________________ the structure which allows gas exchange in an old woody stem

21______________________ the tissue from which the root cap is derived

22______________________ the vascular cambium in stems separates which two complex tissues (use space 22 and 23)

23______________________

24______________________ green stems appear green due to chlorplasts in which cell type; the cell type is defined as a parenchyma cell which has chloroplasts)

25______________________ which cell type is mostly consumed when one easts a white potato which has had its skin removed.

26______________________ the function of secondary phloem

27_______________________ multinucleate and lacking cross walls; non-septate

28_______________________ the general term for a reproductive cell which can only form a thallus after it fuses with another similar reproductive cell

29_______________________ a filament of the thallus of a fungus.

30_______________________ a one celled structure that produces gametes.

31_______________________ fusion of protoplasm

32_______________________ the cell in which nitrogen is fixed in a cyanobacterium.

33_______________________ a cavity found in some brown alage which can contain both oogonia and antheridia.

34_______________________ the condition in which two genetically different, haploid nuclei are found in one cell.

35_______________________ multinucleate, non-septate mass of protoplasm which does not have a cell wall and which can creep.

36_______________________ type of syngamy in which a large nonmotile gamete and a small motile gamete completely fuse.

37_______________________ a 2N thick walled resistant cell in a fungus

38_______________________ a type of spore which is a mitospore, an exospore, an aplanospore, and which has a variable ploidy number.

39_______________________ the cell which bears sexual spores in the ascomycetes.

40_______________________ a specialized type of mycelium on which or in which spores are produced

II. (5 points; 2.0 minutes) Can the nuclei of the following examples or the cell type indicated undergo

a. only meiosis

b. only mitosis

c. both meiosis and mitosis

d. neither meiosis or mitosis

______1. mature sieve tube member

______2. nucleus with a ploidy number of 12N

______3. nucleus with a ploidy number of 3N

______4. nucleus with 12 chromosomes, none of which are homologs

III. You are observing the growth of a woody dicot stem. Assume no tissues have sloughed off and assume all possible cell types are present. The following questions involves only the bark; you are not to include the vascular cambium nor the wood. (15 points, 15 minutes)

From the outside of the plant to its center and in their correct sequence, list the tissues that would be present at the end of the first year of secondary growth. Next to each tissue, indicate all the cell types that would be found in each tissue Make sure your list includes cells types which are found in primary as well as in secondary tissues. Then

Circle the first tissue which would be sloughed off.

At the end of 75 years, place an box around the tissues which would be left

Tissue Cell Types found in this tissue

IV. What is the major difference between an organism that is eukaryotic and one that is prokaryotic. (2 points; 1 minute)

V. Which algal division gave rise to land plants. Provide at least 2 reasons why? (1 pt; 1 minute)

VI. Using the following choices, fill in the blanks for the two algal divisions listed. (4 spaces; 3 pts/space; 6 minutes)

List of Photosynthetic Pigmens	List of Carbohydrates Reserve	Cell Wall Component
Caronteoids	paramylon	mucoproteinaceous substance
Chlorophyll a	glycogen	cellulose
Chlorophyll b	chrysolaminarin	chitin
Chlorophyll c	true starch	silicon dioxide
Fucoxanthin	floridean starch	sulfated galactons (agar)
Peridinin	mannitol	polysaccharides
Phycobilins	laminarin	alginic acid

VII (1 point; 1 minute) 20 years ago, the fungi and algae were placed together in their own division called the Thallophyta, why?

VIII. (12 spaces; 14 points; 7 minutes)

Fill in the blanks for an Ascomycete, such as Peziza and for a Basidiomycete such as Agaricus

	Peziza	Agaricus
type of meiosporangium
type of meiospore
number of meiospores
where do you find the meiospores
ploidy number of the immature meiosporangium before syngamy is completed	do not answer
type of hypha found in sporocarp

IX. (9 spaces; 10 points; 5 minutes)

F ill in the blanks for the two examples of Phaeophyta that you studied

	Laminaria (example of heteromorphic alternations of generations)	Ectocarpus (example of isomorphic alternations of generations)
type of syngamy in the life cycle (i. e. oogamy, ansiogamy, or isogamy)
type of meiosis (i. e. sporic, gametic, or zygotic)
type of female gametangium found in the gametophyte		do not answer
morphology of the gametophyte (single cell, colony, unbranched filament, branched filament, large plant with blade, stipe, and holdfast)
morphology of the sporphyte (same choices as for the gametophye)