BOTANY 105 LECTURE EXAMINATION FOR SPRING, 1997
1. Which is a type of epidermal cell?
a. guard cell
b. collenchyma
c. trichome
d. both [a and c] are correct.
2. In woody plants the periderm eventually replaces
the:
a. xylem
b. epidermis
c. pith
d. phloem
3. What is the function of collenchyma tissue/
a. metabolism
b. conduction of food
c. provide strength to growing organs
d. prevent water loss
4. In plants actively dividing cells can be found in:
a. meristems
b. xylem tissue
c. epidermal tissue
d. center of stems
5. Primary tissues can be traced to their origin in
a. lateral meristems
b. vascular cambium
c. cork cambium
d. apical meristems
6. A cell type that has thin primary cells walls, a large vacuole, and is living at maturity is a:
a. sclereid
b. parenchyma cell
c. tracheid
d. fiber
7. Which of the following is a meristematic tissue?
a. Parenchyma
b. periderm
c. cork cambium
d. epidermis
8. Which tissue has food conduction as a primary function?
a. Epidermis
b. phloem
c. sclerenchyma
d. xylem
9. Which cell type has a thick and lignified cell wall
a. parenchyma
b. sieve-tube
c. collenchyma
d. sclereid
10. Which meristematic tissue is derived from the apical meristem?
a. Protoderm
b. cork cambium
c. periderm
d. secondary phloem
11. The protoderm eventually matures into the:
a. intercalary meristem
b. cortex
c. periderm
d. epidermis
12. Which is a type of sclerenchyma cell?
a. Tracheid
b. sclereid
c. collenchyma
d. sieve-tube
13. Groups of cells that are structurally and/or functionally distinct are called:
a. tissues
b. meristems
c. differentiated cells
d. primary meristems
14. The ground meristem produces
a. secondary xylem
b. collenchyma
c. parenchyma
d. both [b and c] are correct
15. The porous wall regions of sieve tubes are called
a. pits
b. callose
c. sieve pores
d. perforation plates
16. You would expect to find collenchyma tissue in the:
a. center of the root
b. cortex of herbaceous stems, just underneath the epidermis
c. apical meristem
d. mesophyll of leaves
17. Vessels (or vessel members) are different from tracheid because
a. vessels conduct sugars, tracheids conduct water
b. vessels are living cells, tracheid are dead cells
c. vessels have perforated endwalls, tracheid do not
d. v3essels have smooth walls tracheid have perforated
end walls
18. Formation of secondary tissues causes the plant to
a. grow taller
b. grow wider
c. [produce more leaves
d. produce more apical meristems
19. Identify the correct relationship between the following pairs
a. vascular cambium; primary growth
b. meristems; collenchyma
c. cellulose; middle lamella
d. periderm; cork cells
20. Lenticels are found as part of which tissue?
a. Collenchyma
b. epidermis
c. periderm
d. cortex
21. Lignin would be found I the cell walls of which cell type?
a. Parenchyma
b. sclerenchyma
c. collenchyma
d. vascular cambium
22. Meristematic ells are said to be "totipotent". This means the cells:
a. are capable of differentiating into any cell type of the plant body.
b. Can move from one location in the plant to another
c. can live forever
d. show no membrane potential during differentiation
23. Root hairs are found in the region of the root called the
a. root cap
b. apical meristem
c. region of elongation
d. region of maturation
24. The tissue which occupies the center of a monocot root is
a. xylem
b. pericycle
c. endodermis
d. parenchyma
25. This type of root or root tissue can be found as part of the embryo in the seed:
a. root hairs
b. fibrous roots
c. radicle
d. adventitious roots
26. To the inside of the endodermis, toward the center of a root is the
a. cortex
b. pith
c. pericycle
d. xylem
27. Identify the following function(s) of a root
a. photosynthesis
b. production of new leaves
c. production of bud scales
d. absorption of mineral ions in the soil solution
28. Alder roots have bacteria living symbiotically in root tissues. This tissue is called:
a. mycorrhizae
b. root nodules
c. haustoria
d. taproots
29. Ions diffusing through the cortical cell walls encounter a barrier in the endodermis called the:
a. golgi barrier
b. casparian strip
c. diffusion membrane
d. permeability barrier
30. A carrot would be an example of a:
a. storage root
b. fibrous root
c. root nodule
d. mycorrhizal root
31. A fibrous root system is characteristic of
a. monocots
b. dicots
c. legumes
d. adventitious roots
32. Roots differ from stems in:
a. the absence of nodes and internodes
b. never producing leaves
c. having a special covering called the root cap
d. all of the above are correct
33. Root hairs
a. are essentially specialized epidermal cells
b. are entirely covered with a waxy cuticle
c. increase the surface area for absorption of water
d. both [a and c] are correct
34. Numerous starch grains can be found in this tissue:
a. endodermis
b. epidermis
c. pericycle
d. cortex
35. A unique feature of the pericycle is
a. its retention of meristematic potential
b. the production f lateral roots
c. the presence of a Casparian strip
d. both [a and b] are correct
36. Roots that develop on stems and leaves are called
a. lateral roots
b. aerial roots
c. gravitropic roots
d. adventitious roots
37. mycorrhizae are roots that are associated with:
a. bacteria
b. algae
c. fungi
d. mycorhizobium
38. Intercellular spaces are common in this root tissue
a. endodermis
b. pericycle
c. cortex
d. xylem
39. Leaves and buds are attached to the stem at the
a. internodes
b. axils
c. apex
d. nodes
40. One generally distinguishing characteristic between woody stems and herbaceous stems is that wood y stems
a. have vascular cambium
b. produce new growth each season
c. normally live only one season
d. are usually green and soft
41. Which can be used to determine the age of a woody twig?
a. Leaf scars
b. vascular bundle scars
c. lenticles
d. terminal bud scale scars
42. A discrete region of xylem and phloem in a dicot stem is called a:
a. vascular cambium
b. vascular sheath
c. vascular bundle
d. vascular cortex
43. The meristematic tissue that produces secondary growth in stems is the
a. procambium
b. apical meristem
c. vascular cambium
d. interfasicular vascular protoderm
44. Radial rows of parenchyma and tracheids called ___________are distinguishing features of the secondary xylem
a. phloem rays
b. xylem rays
c. lenticels
d. fibers
45. A woody stem would have this tissue or structure, but an herbaceous stem would not
a. primary xylem
b. vascular bundles
c. annual rings
d. pith
46. In woody stems, the epidermis
a. divides to become several layers thick
b. functions as the bark
c. is eventually replaced by a tissue called periderm
d. is photosynthetic
47. This tissue is responsible for the production of cork cells
a. procambium
b. phellem
c. phelloderm
d. phellogen
48. Retardation of water loss by cork cells is provided by:
a. suberin and waxes
b. lignin
c. compressed tissue layers
d. stomates
49. Above ground horizontal stems that produce roots and shoots are:
a. rhizomes
b. stolons
c. tubers
d. bulbs
50. The "eyes" of the Irish potato are actually:
a. axillary buds
b. fibrous roots
c. internodes
d. adventitious roots
51. Which structure is used in support?
a. Tendrils
b. prickles
c. thorns
d. spines
52. Destruction of a tree can be accomplished by removal of the bark around the trunk as well as the:
a. secondary phloem
b. inner bark
c. vascular cambium
d. lenticels
53. Leaflets attached to the end of the petiole would be characteristic of a
a. pinnately compound leaf
b. palmately compound leaf
c. twice pinnately compound leaf
d. whorled leaf
54. A leaf that lacks a petiole is termed:
a. clasping
b. sheathing
c. sessile
d. dentate
55. Plants whose leaves fall off at the end of the growing season are:
a. partially evergreen
b. conifers
c. biennials
d. deciduous
56. The spongy mesophyll is so named because it
a. has numerous intercellular spaces
b. absorbs and holds quantifies of water
c. is soft and delicate and easily damaged
d. both [b and c] are correct
57. In leaves, Chlorenchyma cells would compose most of the cell types found in the
a. veins
b. epidermis
c. spongy mesophyll
d. cuticle
58. Guard cells are different than other epidermal cells of the leaf because they have:
a. uniformly thickened walls
b. no nucleus
c. chloroplasts
d. surface hairs
59. A conspicuous organelle at the light microscope level in cells of the palisade mesophyll would be:
a. chloroplasts
b. nucleoli
c. mitochondria
d. vacuoles
60. Stomata are part of this tissue
a. spongy mesophyll
b. palisade mesophyll
c. vascular bundles
d. epidermis
61. A chief function of the stomate is
a. allowing of methane to diffuse into the leaf
b. allowing carbon monoxide to diffuse out of the leaf
c. allowing light to enter the leaf
d. facilitating transpiration
62. When three or more leaves are attached to a node, the leaf arrangement is:
a. opposite
b. whorled
c. alternate
d. triplicate
63. Vascular bundles in leaves are surrounded by this tissue:
a. upper epidermis
b. cortex
c. mesophyll
d. lower epidermis
64. A leaf which is not sub-divided into lobes or leaflets would be a:
a. pinnately compound leaf
b. palmately compound leaf
c. twice pinnately compound leaf
d. simple leaf
65. Vascular bundle patterns in a leaf are in a netted
or parallel arrangement. Parallel arrangement (venation) is characteristic
of:
a. monocots
b. dicots
c. both monocots and dicots
d. none of the above
66. The layer of cells that surround a leaf vascular bundle in a monocot is the:
a. protective sclerenchyma layer
b. bundle sheath
c. fiber-tracheid sheath
d. mesophyll sheath
67. Leaves begin their development on stems as:
a. bud scales
b. axillary buds
c. primordia
d. terminal buds
68. The leaf petiole may have structures associated with it that are called:
a. primordia
b. stipules
c. leaf scars
d. bundle scars
69. The flat and broad part of a leaf is the
a. petiole
b. stipule
c. blade
d. leaflet
70. Wood is composed of
a. secondary xylem
b. secondary phloem
c. periderm
d. bark
71. One difference between meiosis and mitosis is that in meiosis
a. the chromosomal number is increased
b. two cells are produced
c. homologous chromosomes pair
d. there are three sequential nuclear divisions
72. Certain bacteria are able to fix nitrogen in special cells known as:
a. filaments
b. cocci
c. akinetes
d. heterocysts
73. The endosymbiotic theory postulates that cyanobacteria were the likely progenitors of
a. mitochondria
b. vacuoles
c. chloroplasts
d. nuclei
74. Single-celled algae found in fresh or marine waters are:
a. kelps
b. phytoplankton
c. macroalgae
d. cyanobacteria
75. Which algal divisions has members with silicon dioxide as part of the cell wall?
a. Pyrrophyta
b. Euglenophyta
c. Chrsyophyta
d. Chlorophyta
76. Filaments of fungi are woven together in a tangled mass called a
a. hypha
b. mycelium
c. reproductive body
d. lichen
77. Rusts, smuts, and mushrooms all belong to this group
a. Deuteromycetes
b. Basidiomycetes
c. Ascomycetes
d. Zygomycetes
78. In mushrooms, meiosis takes place in this structure:
a. ascus
b. basidium
c. basidiole
d. hyphae
79. This substance which is extracted from brown algae, is used as a stabilizer for ice cream and chocolate milk, and as an emulsifier in paints and cosmetics
a. agar
b. algin
c. fucoxanthin
d. carrageenan
80. The complete fusion between a non-motile female gamete and a motile male gamete:
a. oogamy
b. isogamy
c. anisogamy
d. karyogamy
81. The group of fungi characterized by septate hyphae
and spores that are meiospores, aplanospores, and exospores:
a. Deuteromycetes
b. Basidiomycetes
c. Ascomycetes
d. Zygomycetes
82. Organisms which possess a thallus and have chloroplasts are placed in the Kingdom:
a. Protista
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria
d. Plantae
Matching: Match the fllowing phrases or terms with the correct choices on the right. Each choice is used once; however not all the choices are used.56. _____Green algae
57. _____diatoms
58. _____morels
59. _____Sargassum
60. _____dinoflagellates
61. _____Spirogyra
62. _____red algae
63. _____lichens
64. _____yeasts
65. _____Rhizobus
a. red tides
b. conjugation
c. free-floating brown alga
d. sieve tubes
e. bread, beer, & wine production
f. symbiotic
g. agar
h. largest algal broup
i. common bread mold
j. "glass houses"
k. sac fungi
Charts: Fill-in all spaces of these charts
| Division: Oomycota; water molds | Division Eumycota, subdivision Basidiomycotina; Basidiomycetes | |
| Type of thallus: | ||
| Type of hypha if present: | ||
| mitospore | ||
| meiospore: | ||
| type of syngamy(isogamy, anisogamy, oogamy) | ||
| thick-walled zygote | ||
| Sporocarp present | ||
| Habitat: | ||
| Kingdom |
| Phaeophyta | Chlorophyta | |
| chlorophyll (a,b,c,d) | ||
| accessory pigments (fucoxanthin, phycobilins, carotenoids) | ||
| stored food (starch, floridean starch, laminarin +mannitol, fats, oils, chrysolaminarin) | ||
| cell wall material (cellulose, silicon, alginic acid, carageenan, agar) |