106. Earthquake Country (3).* Understanding and preparing for earthquakes. Causes and effects of earth tremors; mechanics of earthquakes; how quakes are located and measured; earthquake risk and hazards; earthquake potential in California; earthquake prediction. Not intended for geology majors. Three hours lecture per week. May require one-day weekend field trip.
108. The Dynamic Earth (3).* Survey of general geology for the non-science major. Continental drift, earthquakes, volcanism, mountain building, glaciation, landsliding, and other processes which have shaped the earth's surface and affect humankind. Lab exercises include map reading, seismology, plate tectonics, environmental hazards, and at least two field trips. Not intended for geology majors. Two hours lecture, three hours lab/field trip per week.
109. General Geology (3).* Introduces physical geology. Origin and constitution of the earth, internal and external processes that determine crustal and surficial features, and methods used in investigating and interpreting earth history. Two hours lecture, three hours lab/field trip per week.
300. Geology of California (2). Descriptive geology of the state of California. Analysis of major geological provinces, lithologic assemblages, and economic resources. Prerequisite: GEOL 108 or 109. Two hours lecture per week. Cannot be counted by geology majors as an upper division geology elective.
300L. Geology of California Field Trip (1).* Two weekends, or one five-day field trip, through geologic provinces of northern California: the Coast Ranges, Klamath Mountains, Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau, northern Sierra Nevada, and Great Valley. Prerequisite: GEOL 300 (may be concurrent). Cannot count for geology majors as an upper division geology elective.
303. Earth Resources (3). Important earth resources that have affected humankind and society. Subjects include origin and occurrences of major metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits and energy resources. Discussion of methods of assessing present and future raw materials and fuel supplies. Prerequisite: GEOL 108 or 109. Three hours lecture per week. Cannot count for geology majors as an upper division geology elective.
305. Fossils, Life & Evolution (3).* Origin, evolution, and fate of life on earth; history of evolutionary thought and study of fossils; development of life environments (habitats) and biotic communities they contain; recent theories of evolution and mass extinction from an introductory paleontologic perspective. Three hours lecture/activity per week. Cannot count for geology majors as an upper division geology elective. May require field trip.
310. Mineralogy & Optical Crystallography (4). Crystal structure, chemistry, and optics of minerals. Minerals identified in hand specimens and under petrographic microscope. Prerequisites: GEOL 109 and CHEM 109 may be concurrent). Three hours lecture, three hours lab per week.
311. Petrography (4).* Optical properties of biaxial minerals. Characteristic textures and compositions of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Methods for interpreting them. Major petrological theories compared. Prerequisite: GEOL 310. Two hours lecture, six hours lab or field trip per week. May require three-day field trip.
320. Invertebrate Paleontology (4).* Modes of preservation, skeletal anatomy, systematics and taxonomy, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and evolutionary history of invertebrate groups of traditional importance to geologists. Prerequisite: BIOL 105 or introductory course in invertebrate zoology strongly recommended Three hours lecture, three hours lab per week.
322. Stratigraphy and Sedimentation (4).* Organization of sediments and sedimentary rocks in modem depositional environments and in the stratigraphic record. Processes of origin and features of sedimentary rocks; correlation and paleogeographic reconstruction methods; relationship of sedimentation and tectonics. Prerequisite: GEOL 109. Three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. May require weekend field trip.
330. Structural Geology (4).* Description and analysis of structural features of rocks. Interpreting the strain significance of structures. Fundamentals of plate tectonics. Introduction to tectonic analysis of regional geologic structure. Prerequisites: GEOL 322 with grade of C or better, MATH 115, PHYS 106 or 109. Three hours lecture, three hours lab/field trip per week. One or two all day field trips.
340. Methods of Air Photo Interpretation (1). Concepts and methods of air photo interpretation applied to geologic problems. Black-and-white, color, color infrared, sidelooking radar, and satellite imagery. Prerequisite: GEOL 109. One hour lecture, three hours lab per week for one-half semester.
350. General Geomorphology (3).* Origin and development of landforms, landform classification, and geomorphic processes. Methods of geomorphological analysis, topographic map interpretation, and aerial photo interpretation. Prerequisite: GEOL 109. Two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. May require one-day weekend field trips.
399. Supplemental Work in Geology (1-3). Directed study intended for transfer student whose prior course work in geology is not equivalent to corresponding courses at HSU. May be repeated up to five times. Prerequisite: approval of department chair.
414. Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology (3).* Origin and modes of formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Major petrologic theories discussed in light of theoretical, petrographic, and field studies. Mineralogical and textural features of classic terrains. Prerequisite: GEOL 311. May require two 2-3 day field trips.
415. Sedimentary Petrology (2).* Characteristics, classification, origin, and diagenesis of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Prerequisites: GEOL 311 and 322. Three hours lecture, three hours lab/field trip for one-half semester.
422. Paleoecology (1.5).* Organism/environment and organism/organism interaction interpreted from fossils; paleocommunity analysis and temporal dynamics; utility of fossils in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Prerequisites: GEOL. 320 and 322 with grades of C or better. Course in benthic community ecology strongly recommended. Half semester. May require at least one field trip associated with a class research project.
423. Biostratigraphy (2).* Principles of biostratigraphy and their application to problems of spatial and temporal distribution of fossil faunas and floras. Prerequisites: GEOL 320; GEOL 322 recommended. Three hours lecture, three hours lab or field trip for one-half semester. Two all-day field trips.
425. Crustal Evolution & Tectonics (2).* Geologic evolution of earth's crust. Emphasis on western North America and the relationship to plate tectonic theory of stratigraphy, structure, and petrogenesis of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Prerequisites: GEOL 330 and 311 (may be concurrent). May require weekend field trip.
430. Advanced Structural Geology (2).* Applying numerical approaches to analysis of deformed rocks. Use of strain analysis techniques in solution of tectonic problems. Advanced study of deformation and displacement in orogenic belts. Prerequisites: GEOL 330 and MATH 110. Three hours lecture, three hours lab or field trip for one-half semester. May require weekend field trip.
440. Economic Geology (2). Origin and occurrence of important mineral and energy resources. Methods of exploration and reflection microscopy. Prerequisites: GEOL 310 and 322. Three hours lecture, three hours lab/field trip for one-half semester.
445. Geochemistry (2). Chemistry of the earth. Emphasis on processes that determine distribution of elements and isotopes. Prerequisites: GEOL 310 and CHEM 109. Three hours lecture, three hours lab or field trip for one-half semester.
457. Engineering Geology (2).* Applying geologic methods, principles, and information to engineering and related fields. Analysis of earth materials, properties, and processes significant to modern engineering projects. Prerequisite: GEOL 330 or consent of instructor. Three hours lecture, three hours lab/field trip for one-half semester. May require four-day field trip.
460. Solid Earth Geophysics (3). Principles of seismology, gravity, geodesy, terrestrial heat flow, geomagnetism, and paleomagnetism. Emphasis on earth as a whole: its internal constitution and evolution. Prerequisites: MATH 110, PHYX 107 (or 110); strongly recommended: GEOL 330. Three hours lecture per week.
461. Applied Geophysics (3).* Applying geophysical methods to mineral exploration, geological engineering, and crustal studies. Seismic reflection, refraction, electrical resistivity, magnetic and gravity surveying. Prerequisites: MATH 110, PHYX 107 (or 110), upper division standing in a technical or scientific field. GEOL 330 strongly recommended Two hours lecture, three hours lab per week.
470. Field Methods (3).* Principles and methods of geological field mapping: use of photo imagery; preparing geological notes, illustrations, and reports; using field instruments. Prerequisite: GEOL 330 and 350. Three weekend field exercises or one four- to seven-day field exercise.
471. Field Mapping Techniques (1). Principles and methods for geological mapping of a specific area in the western US. Review of geological literature. May include preparation of maps, cross-sections, stratigraphic columns, and reports summarizing results of short field projects. Must be taken in same academic year as GEOL 472. Prerequisites: GEOL 311, 470, and GPA of 2.0 or better for all geology courses.
472. Extended Field Mapping (4). Six weeks of supervised field work in the western US. Living expenses and a portion of expenses for establishing a camp borne by the student. May be available only during summer. Taken concurrently with GEOL 471 and 473. Prerequisites: GEOL 311, 470, 471, and GPA of 2.0 or better for all geology courses.
473. Geologic Report Writing (1). Supervised geologic report preparation. Report based upon field studies conducted in GEOL 471 and 472, which must be taken concurrently. Prerequisites: GEOL 311, 470.
481. Advanced Instrumental Methods in Geology (1-3). Principles of electron microscope analysis, x-ray fluorescence analysis, or x-ray diffractometry. Sample, preparation, instrument operation, and data analysis. Prerequisites: PHYX 106-107 or PHYX 109-110.
485. Seminar (1).* Discussion of selected topics in geology by students and faculty. Correlated reading and reports. May be repeated three times. Prerequisite: senior standing or consent of instructor.
490 (1), 491 (1), 492 (2). Senior Thesis. Preparation of thesis based on field or laboratory investigation of a subject chosen by student and approved by department. Generally undertaken during senior year, but may commence during junior year. Prerequisites: GPA of 2.5 or better for al l geology courses and consent of department.
499. Independent Study (1-5). Individual study for undergraduates. Possible modes: reading, conference, research. May be repeated four times. Prerequisite: department approval.
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