Periodic Table of the Elements
   IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
   H  He
2 Li Be    B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg   IIIB IVB VB VI VIIB VIIIB IB IIB  Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca (3) Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5  Rb Sr (4)  Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd  Ag  Cd  In Sn Sb Te I  Xe
6  Cs  Ba (5) Lu Hf Ta  W Re Os Ir  Pt Au  Hg Tl  Pb Bi Po At Rn
  s1 s2   d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Periodic Table of the Elements
   IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
   H  He
2 Li Be    B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg   IIIB IVB VB VI VIIB VIIIB IB IIB  Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca (3) Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5  Rb Sr (4)  Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd  Ag  Cd  In Sn Sb Te I  Xe
6  Cs  Ba (5) Lu Hf Ta  W Re Os Ir  Pt Au  Hg Tl  Pb Bi Po At Rn
  s1 s2   d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6

Spectroscopic notation using the Noble gas core convention

  • P: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
    • [Ne] = 1s2 2s2 2p6
    • P = [Ne] 3s2 3p3
  • V: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
    • [Ar] = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
    • V = [Ar] 4s2 3d3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Periodic Table of the Elements
   IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
   H  He
2 Li Be    B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg   IIIB IVB VB VI VIIB VIIIB IB IIB  Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca (3) Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5  Rb Sr (4)  Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd  Ag  Cd  In Sn Sb Te I  Xe
6  Cs  Ba (5) Lu Hf Ta  W Re Os Ir  Pt Au  Hg Tl  Pb Bi Po At Rn
  s1 s2   d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6

Orbital Filling Diagrams:

  • H orbital filling diagram
  • He orbital filling diagram
  • Li orbital filling diagram
  • N orbital filling diagramNotice how the electrons first fill into empty orbitals before they pair up
  • O orbital filling diagramNow when we add one more electron it goes back to pair up with the first p electron.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Periodic Table of the Elements
   IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
   H  He
2 Li Be    B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg   IIIB IVB VB VI VIIB VIIIB IB IIB  Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca (3) Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5  Rb Sr (4)  Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd  Ag  Cd  In Sn Sb Te I  Xe
6  Cs  Ba (5) Lu Hf Ta  W Re Os Ir  Pt Au  Hg Tl  Pb Bi Po At Rn
  s1 s2   d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6

Electrons lost in Ions

  • Na+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s0 or [Ne] 3s0 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 or [Ne]
  • Cu2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d9 or [Ar] 4s0 3d9 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 or [Ar] 3d9
  • Fe3+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d5 or [Ar] 4s0 3d5 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p63d5 or [Ar] 3d5

 

© R A Paselk

Last modified 23 September 2008