English 612: Development of Writing Abilities Spring, 2004 Professor Tom Gage Office: 236 Founders Class: Mondays; 5-7:50, Founders GagePage: http://www.humboldt.edu/~teg1/gage.html Office Hours: F 218, and by appointment Texts: P.M. Anderson/G. Rubano Enhancing Aesthetic Reading and Response J. Galvin The Meadow S. B. Heath/Mangiola Children of Promise J. Moffett Detecting Growth in Language J. Moffett Active Voice, 2ed J. Moffett Teaching the Universe of Discourse J. Murray Hamlet and the Holodeck M. Myers Changing Our Minds I Optional: In Library Rosenblatt, Louise. Reader, Text, Poem & Literature as Exploration Emig, Janet. Composing Processes of 12th Graders Applebee, Arthur. Child's Concept of School Britton, James. Development of Writing Abilities Applebee, Arthur. Writing in the Secondary School Vygotsky, Lev Thought and Language & Also check this part of the syllabus regularly for Web Sites of considerable interest. Some readings are available on Oncores Reserves System ("ONCORES"), which you can call up at home or in Mac labs on campus. Grade: 5% Attendance and participation in discussion (since the term is short and the pace is swift, don't miss class. Once may be forgivable; twice isn't) Critiques of texts, 2/6, 2/27, 3/13, 4/10 10% Critiques 25% midterm 25% I-Search paper, installments on 1/26, 2/13, 3/5, 4/3, 5/1 25% Discourse Analysis 10% Final This course focuses on what writers, on entry into literate communities, bring to the act of composing. It is a course that entails psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. The first half of the class deals with Theory; then Research/Teacher Research; then Applications, including Pedagogy, and finally Theory/Assessment revisited. Requirements: There will be two projects, an I-Search and a Discourse Analysis of speech acts. In addition, there will be critiques and two midterms with a final. Critiques: You will critique texts dealing with writing and distribute your critique to everyone in class via E-mail. See below. I-Search: A paper resulting from several installments submitted during the course. Read Macrorie's discussion of the I-Search. Discourse Analysis: a scaffolded project dealing with some problem dealt with collaboratively. Syllabus note: Please read before the day the assignment is listed). DATE TOPIC READINGS DUE Psycholinguistics Jan. 26: Introduction/Outline & Languaging Read: G. Steiner's "Whorf, Chomsky, & Student of Lit" & Moffett's Chap. 1, in Universe & in Detecting, pages 1-5 Due: I-Search Topics Feb. 2: Orders of Discourse & Happenings 1-Search Installment Read: Lodge on Bakhtin: Mimesis & Diegesis" from E-mail p>The Trials of a Celebrity Folks: Study this drama to better understand what meaning can be derived from this situated incident. You might reflect on the methodology in class on January 26: recording, reporting, generalizing, and theorizing. Be prepared to discuss your insights in class next week. The conflict that the actors played out was exactly the same as the one you witnessed in class last week. View it to discover the germ of both improvs. Read: Lodge on Bakhtin Sociolinguistics Due: I-Search topic Feb. 9: Langue & Parole In Class I mentioned URLs of interest, particularly the one dealing with lesson design and plans(1) Chinese Language Learning Center at HSU http://www.humboldt.edu/%7Eiet/center.htm Other to browse are: http://sorrel.humboldt.edu/~teg1/syllabus/406/students/index.html (3) Cnet Central: http://www.cnet.com/ Susan Stewart's Shouts on the Street: Bakhtin's Anit-Linguistics" from E-mail Moffett's chapter 2 & 3 in Universe of Discourse Read: Critique A Feb. 16: Thought and Utterance Moffett's Detecting, pages 6 & 7 Read: Zebroski's "Writing as Dialogue (and Quarrel)" download Recchio's "A Bakhtinian Reading" download from E-mail I-S, install. Feb. 23: Read: Moffett's Chapters 4 & Active Voice, pages 196-202 Also Toulmin's "The Mozart of Psychology" from ONcores. Cazden's "Vygotsky, Hymes, and Bakhtin" from Oncores Due: I-Search installment Mar. 1: Midterm Read: James and Tita Baumlin's "Psyche/Logos: Mapping the Terrains of Mind and Rhetoric" download from ONcores. Please download for this ETS URL the document entitled "The Twin Challenges of Mediocrity and Inequality: Literacy in the U.S. from an International Perspective," www.ets.org/research/pic and read for next class. Read Myers' Changing Our Minds: Introduction Critique B Mar. 8: Read: Hull's "Research on Writing" Download from E-mail Read Myers' Changing Our Minds: Chapter 1. Due: I-Search installment from those on schedule Employmnet Survey for break March 15-19: Spring Break Mar. 22: Protean Literacy Read: Active Voice, pages 176-195 & Moffett's Detecting, pages 6-10 Read Myers' Changing Our Minds: 2-6. Critique C Investigation: Interview local business persons on two firings. Mar. 29: Discourse Analysis: Transcription of Orality: Poem as Engima Read: Moffett's Detecting, pages10-18 Read Myers' Changing Our Minds: Chapter 6- 8. (bookstore) Galvin's The Meadow, p 1-66 & The article by Louise Rosenblatt "Writing and Reading: Transactional Theory"; April 5: Patterns of Cohesion Galvin's The Meadow, p 67-138 Read: Moffett's Detecting, pages 19-24 Read Myers' Changing Our Minds: Chapter 9-15. draft of I-S, 4th install. (option) Apr. 12: Literature Midterm Read: Anderson/Rubano's pages 1-27 & & Moffett's Detecting, pages 24-29 Read: Murray, pages 1-97 & Galvin's The Meadow, p 139-180 Read: Hansson, Gunnar. "Reading and Understanding Literature." Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Due: Critique D Apr. 19: Technology Myers' "What Can Computers Contribute" (download) Carro Project Introductory Video Carro Project Introductory Video 56KBps Read: "McDonald's U: Virtual Technology and Humanities Futures in the Corporatized University1" by Carro & Knowles also, Murray, pages 97-184 & Galvin's The Meadow, p 181-230 & Moffett's Detecting, pages 30-33 Apr. 26: Fiction/Nonfiction Read: Murray, pages184-251 & Anderson/Rubano's pages 28-86; & Moffett's Detecting, pages 33-55 & Heath, pages 33-44 Due: Collaborative Paper May 3: Teaching & Learning Read: Murray, pages 251-285 & McCorduck on Turkle: download from E-mail &Active Voice, pages 1-14 && Moffett's Detecting, pages 56-70 , and Moffett's "East/West" (upload) Due: final draft of I-Search Due: Ethnographic Paper Murray Paperback Murray Hardback Read: Summing up I-S, 4th install & Ethnographic essay. May 14: Finals at 3:00 pm * Critique: "an act of criticizing; esp.: a critical examination or estimate of a thing or situation (as a work of art or literature) with a view to determining its nature and limitations or its conformity to standards." (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. G. & C. Merriam. Springfield, Mass. 1966.) Don't feel limited in critiquing written essays or reports; explore a variety of texts, including aural and visual texts. In Reserve in the Library, there are issues of Research in the Teaching of English, and adjacent there are tapes of speeches delivered at professional conferences. One of these critiques must be of tapes, and a second should be of some work found in E.R.I.C. Identify each critique with your name, date, letter of critique, and code. Each critique should be written for your peers, no longer than a half sheet of paper. A critique of a text should entertain such questions as these: What is the world the author inhabits (i.e. what are the range and depth of his/her concerns)? What are his/her predominant attitudes toward that inhabited world? What distinguishes his/her style (consider such matters as vocabulary, sentence and paragraph structures, choice of subject, uses of figurative language, allusions, degrees of subjectivity and objectivity)? To what audiences and for what ends is the author addressing himself/herself? A critique of a work on composition should entertain such questions as these: On what authority and for what audience does the author write? What important ideas does he/she offer? How are those ideas organized and presented? What classroom practices follow explicitly or implicitly from these ideas? Do the ideas/practices appear to be sound? Why or why not? Does the author himself/herself appear to be an accomplished stylist? Explain. In writing, assume that you intend to publish the critique in a professional journal for English teachers and the audience is unfamiliar with the work you are analyzing. Your purpose is primarily informative and secondarily persuasive. FOUR CURRENT SCHOOLS OF THEORY The Expressivists and Cognitivists, often referred to as Process Approaches; the Social Constructionists Approaches, and the Interactivist Approaches. Read articles from professional journals for critiquing from the bibliography below. Your critique will include a summation, plan, analysis of influence, and personal response. Each critique will be no more than a half page. Acknowledging the verity that "we categorize at our peril," I have listed important works according to the four current schools of composition theory. CCC= College Composition and Communication CE= College English EJ= English Journal LA= Language Arts CEJ= California English Journal JBW= Journal of Basic Writing TQ= TESOL Quarterly Four Categories of Composition Theory Aligned with Five Values Expressivism Applebee, A.N. "Problems in Process Approaches: Toward a Reconceptualization of Process Instruction." The Teaching of Writing Ed. Petrosky, A. and D. Bartholomae 85th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part II. Chicago: U Chicago Pr 1986, 95-113. Britton, J. Language and Learning. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970. Britton, J. Prospect and Retrospect: Selected Essays. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1982. Coles, W.E. Teaching Composing: A Guide to Teaching Writing as a Self-Creating Process. Rochelle Park, NJ: Hayden, 1974. Elbow, P. Writing Without Teachers. New York: Oxford U P, 1973. Elbow, P. Embracing Contrarieties: Exploration in Learning and Teaching. New York: Oxford U P, 1981. Elbow. P. Writing with Power: Techniques for Mastering the Writing Process. New York: Oxford U P, 1981. Moffett, J. Coming on Center: Essays in English Education. 2nd ed. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1988. Murray, D.M. "Internal Revision: A Process of Discovery." Research on Composing: Points of Departure. Urbana, Il: NCTE, 1978. Murray, D.M. Writing to Learn. New York: Holt, 1987. Perl, Sondra. "The Composing Processes of Unskilled College Writers." RTE. 13, 1979. 317-36 Cognitivism or Writing as Problem-solving Flower, L. Problem-solving Strategies for Writing, 2nd ed. San Diego: Harcourt, 1989. Hayes, J.R. and L. Flower. " Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing; An Introduction to Protocol Analysis." In Research in Writing. Ed. P. Mosenthal, L. Tamar, and S.A. Walmsley. New York: Longman, 1983. 206-220 Johns, A.M. "Coherence and Academic Writing: Some Definitions and Suggestions for Teaching." TQ. 20, 1986. 247-266 Lauer, J. "Heuristics and Composition." CCC 21, 1970. 396-404 Raimes, A. "Language Proficiency, Writing Ability, and Composing Strategies: A Study of ESL College Student Writers." Language Learning. 37, 1987. 439-467 Shaughnessy, M. Errors and Expectations. New York: Oxford UP, 1977. Zamel, V. "The Composing Processes of Advanced ESL Students: Six Case Studies." TQ 17, 1983. 165-187 Social Constructionism Bartholomae, D. "Inventing the University." Ed. M. Rose, When a Writer Can't Write. New York: Guilford Press, 1985. 134-165 Bartholomae, D. "The Study of Error." CCCC 31, 1980. 253-69 Barton, Ellen L. "Evidentials, Argumentation, and Epistemological Stance" CE 55, 1993. 745-769 Berger, P. & T. Lluckmann. The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday, 1966. Bizzell, P. "Language and Literacy." A Sourcebook for Basic Writing Teachers. Ed. T. Enos. New York: Random House, 1987. 125-137 Bruffee, K.A. "Collaborative Learning and the 'Conversation of Mankind'." CE 46, 1984. 635-52 Bruffee, K..A. "Social Construction: Language and the Authority of Knowledge: A Bibliographical Essay." CE 48, 1986. 773-790 Coe, R.M. "An Apology for Form: Or, Who Took the Form Out of Process?" CE 49, 1987. 13-28 Johns, A.M. " The Discourse Communities' Dilemma: Identifying Transferable Skills for the Academic Milieu." JBW 5, 1988. 70-80 Geertz, C. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic, 1983. Hull, G.A. "Literacy, Technology, and the Underprepared: Notes Toward a Framework for Action." The Quarterly of the National Writing Project and the Center for the Study of Writing. 10, 1-3, 16-25 Hull, G.A. "The Editing Process in Writing: A Performance Study of More Skilled and Less Skilled College Writers." RTE 21, 1987. 8-29 Hull, G.A. "Research on Writing: Building a Cognitive and Social Understanding of Composing." Toward the Thinking Curriculum: Current Cognitive Research. Ed. Resnick, L.B. & L.E. Klopter, 1989 Yearbook of Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Malti-Douglas, F. Woman's Body, Woman's Word: Gender and Discourse in Arabo-Islamic Writing. Princeton, NJ: U Princeton P, 1991. Moffett, J. Storm in the Mountains. Carbondale, Il: S Illinois U P, 1983. Myers, Miles. "The Teaching of Writing in Secondary Schools." The Teaching of Writing. Ed Petrosky, A. and D. Bartholomae 85th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part II. Chicago: U ChicagoP, 1986. 148-169 Raforth, Bennett A. and Donald L. Rubin. The Social Construction of Written Communication. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1988. Rorty, R. "Hermeneutics, General Studies and Teaching." Synergos: Selected Papers from the Synergos Seminars. Vol. 2. Fairfax, VA: George Mason UP Rose, M. Writer's Block: The Cognitive Dimension. Carbondale: S Illinois U P, 1984. Rose, M. "Complexity, Rigor, Evolving Method, and the Puzzle ofWriter's Block: Thoughts on Composing Process Research." Ed. M. Rose When a Writer Can't Write: Studies in Writer's Block and Other Composing Process Problems. New York: Guilford, 1985. 227-260 Rose, M. "Narrowing the Mind and Page: Remedial Writers and Cognitive Reductionism." CCC 39, 1987. 267 Spack, R. "Invention Strategies and the ESL College Composition Student." TQ 18, 1984. 649-670 Swales, J. "Research into the Structure of Introductions to Journal Articles and its Application to Teaching Academic Writing." Common Ground: Shared Interests in ESL and Communication Studies. Ed. R. Williams, J. Swales, and J. Kirkeman. Oxford: Pergamon, 1984. 77-86 Weis, L. Between Two Worlds: Black Students in an Urban Community College. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985. Witte, S.P. "Some Contexts for Understanding Written Literacy." Paper presented at the Right to Literacy Conference, Columbus, Ohio. INTERACTIVE APPROACHES Bakhtin, M. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: U of TexasP, 1981. Baumlin, J.S. and T.F. Baumlin. "Psyche/Logos: Mapping the Terrains of Mind and Rhetoric." CCCC. 51, 1989. 245-261 Eisterhold, J.C. "Reading-writing Connections: Toward a Description for Second Language Learners." Second Language Writing: Research Insights for the Classroom. Ed. B. Kroll. New York: Cambridge UP, 1990. 88-102 Hinds, J. "Reader Vs. Writer Responsibility: A New Typology." Writing Across Languages: Analysis of L2 Test. Ed. U. Connor and R.B. Kaplan. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1987. 141-152 Johnson, M. The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987. Lodge, D. After Bakhtin: Essays on Fiction and Criticism. New York: Routledge, 1990. Lakoff, G. & M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: U Chicago P, 1980. Lakoff, F. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987. Meyer, B.J.F. "The Structure of Prose: Effects on Learning and Implications for Educational Practice." Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge. Ed. R.C. Anderson, R.J. Spiro, and W.E. Montague. Hillsdale,NJ: Erlbaum, 1977. 170-208 Moffett, J. Teaching the Universe of Discourse. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1983. Morson, G.S. Bakhtin: Essays and Dialogues on His Work. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986. Nystrand, M. The Structure of Written Communication: Studies in Reciprocity between Writers and Readers. Orlando: Academic P, 1986. Prince, M.B. Literacy and Genre: Towards a Pedagogy of Mediation." CE 51, 1989. 730-749 Singer, H. "Friendly Texts." Content Area Reading: Improving Classroom Instruction. Ed. E.K. Dishner, T.W. Bean, J. E. Readance, and D.W. Moore. Dubuque: Kendall Hunt, 1984. 114-127 Turner, M. Death is the Mother of Beauty. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.