Science- The organized, systematic enterprise that gathers knowledge about the world and condenses the knowledge into testable laws and principles.

Environmental ethics- What is good and bad with regard to environmental issues.
 
 

Hypothesis- Statement about the expected outcome or result of a specific experiment.
 
 

Subsistence hunting- Hunting provides important source of caloric intake.
 
 

Sport hunting- Animals are hunted for the experience and for supplemental food, the meat is not sold.
 
 

2. Define the following species types and provide an example for each. (5 pts each)

Feral- Domesticated animals that have become free roaming. ex) wild cats, wild dogs, wild horses, wild pigs

Game- hunted species ex) mule deer, turkey, California quail, etc.
 
 

Pest- Species that cause economic damage to farmers, ranchers or others and therefore are not protected.

3. Suppose that you had been observing birds in the family Picidae (woodpeckers) during your travels around the world. After making careful observations of many different species, you realize that all of the species you had observed spiral up the trunk in a counter-clockwise direction when foraging. Based on these observations, you hypothesize that all woodpeckers spiral upward in a counter-clockwise direction when foraging. This is an example of deductive/inductive (circle one) reasoning. (3 pts)

4. Cause-effect relationships can only be demonstrated with mensurative experiments. (4 pts)
 
 
 
 

5. At a town council meeting about a proposed shopping center, a woman stands and says that the center must be stopped because it will destroy the last population of the Humboldt periwinkle- a small flowering plant. She goes on to point out that an extract from a related periwinkle species in Madagascar was found to be effective in curing childhood leukemia and that the Humboldt periwinkle may contain similar useful compounds. She is espousing the animal rights/ ecocentric/ anthropocentric (circle one) point of view. (3 pts)

6. What is the logical justification for the animal rights point of view? (10 pts)

Humans deserve moral concern. The distinction between humans and nonhumans is vague. Therefore we should extend moral/ethical behavior to animals.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

7. The Lacy Act f (3 pts)

a. imposed a license fee for hunters.

b. placed migratory birds under federal control.

c. made it a federal offense to transport illegally harvested game across state lines.

d. imposed a tax on fire arms and ammunition.

e. all of the above.

f. a &c.

8. Hunters pay for approximately both 53% and 70-75% are acceptable percent of state wildlife budgets. (4 pts)

9. Inferences from mensurative experiments are strengthened by: (fill in the blanks) (9 pts)

a. Consistency among studies.

b. Dose-response relationship .

c. Response to cessation .

d. Plausible causal linkage .
 
 

10. Leopold listed five stages in the attempt to limit declines of wildlife populations. List these stages in the order he gave them. (10 pts)

1. Restriction of hunting

2. Predator control

3. Reservation of game lands

4. Artificial supplementation (game farms)

5. Environmental controls

11. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act with Canada f (3 pts)

a. made Daffy Duck the national mascot.

b. imposed a tax on hunting arms and ammunition.

c. set bag limits for migratory waterfowl.

d. set outside limits on hunting seasons.

e. provided for a scientific collecting permit system.

f. c, d, & e

g. b, c, d, & e

12. The Pittman-Robertson Act provided funds for wildlife management and habitat acquisition/restoration through taxation on hunting equipment and supplies. (4 pts)
 
 

13. Fill in the remaining steps of the scientific method (3 pts each)

1. State the problem

2. Formulate the hypothesis

3. Design the experiment

4. Make observations

5. Interpret the data

6. Draw conclusions

7. Publish results in a peer-reviewed journal

EXTRA CREDIT (5 PTS)

ALDO LEOPOLD