1. Define the following terms. (3 pts each)

Discount rate- the amount that you must discount future value to account for inflation and interest rates

Sustainable use- development that meets the needs of present without compromising the abilities of future generations to meet their own needs.

Carrying Capacity- the maximum number of animals that a habitat can support without the population declining.

Immigration- Permanent movement of individuals into a population.

Additive Mortality- Hunting mortality that occurs in over and above (or in addition to) natural mortality.

2. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (name the agency) is responsible for management of migratory waterfowl. (3 pts)

3. Flyway councils: f . (3 pts)

a. are composed of members from each state in the flyway.

b. set the exact dates of the hunting season for migratory waterfowl in each state.

c. set bag limits for migratory waterfowl.

d. acquire property for waterfowl conservation.

e. all of the above.

f. a and c only.

g. a, b, and c.

4. Humans are subject to the same ecological constraints as most other species with the following exceptions (name two). (6 pts)

1. Humans can increase K the carrying capacity of their environment.

2. Humans can manipulate the death rate.

5. Presently, there are 5.9 billion people on the planet. (2 pts)

6. Fill in the following table. (12 pts)

Demographic stage	Birth rates	Death rates	Population growth
Preindustrial	high	high	stable
Transitional	high	low	increasing rapidly
Industrial	low	low	increasing slowly
Postindustrial	low	low	stable or declining

7. Suppose you were talking to a friend about reducing growth rates of human populations in underdeveloped countries. She said that all we need to do is put more funding into family planning for underdeveloped countries and the problem will be solved. Respond to her statement. (10 pts)

While your friend has a good point, there are many other factors that must be considered including: culture, marriage age, education, and government policies. Without addressing all of these factors (including family planning) attempts at reducing growth rates likely will be ineffective.

8. Fill in the blanks in the following equation. (6 pts)

N_t+1= N_t + B - D + I - E

9. In an unlimited environment populations will grow according to the exponential equation. (4 pts)

10. Using the equation below, answer the following questions.

a. What is K? (3 pts) Carrying capacity

b. What is the name of the term between the parentheses? (3 pts) Environmental resistance factor

c. This is called the logistic equation. (3 pts)

11. Explain how a single child born in the Unites States can have a greater effect on the environment and the world's resources than a dozen or more children born in an underdeveloped country. (3 pts)

People in highly developed countries like the United States consume approximately twelve times more energy on a per capita basis than individuals in underdeveloped countries.

12. If all women in the world suddenly started bearing children at replacement-level fertility rates, would the population stop increasing immediately? Why or why not. (5 pts)

No. The population will continue to grow due to the large number of young people that have not reached reproductive age.

13. True or False. Most of the population growth in the state of California comes from immigration from other countries. (3 pts)

14. What is Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)? If a population is growing according to the logistic equation, at what population size will it attain MSY? (6 pts)

MSY is the population size at which the maximum number of recruits is produced. MSY is attained at K/2 when a population is growing according to the logistic equation.

15. True or False. There is no evidence that prehistoric human populations overexploited (i.e. caused the extinction of) the animal populations they hunted (please see next page for a helpful illustration). (3 pts)